Engineering and Ce 211c Ce

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS-TALAMBAN CAMPUS CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES (Effective June 2008) FIRST YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Algebra 3 0 Trigonometry 3 0 Solid Mensuration 2 0 Engineering Graphics 1 0 3 Communication Arts 1 3 0 Sining ng Pakikipagtalastasan 3 0 Man in Search of God 3 0 Self Testing Activities 2 0 Civic Welfare Training Services 1 3 0 Total 22 3 FIRST YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Analytic & Solid Geometry 3 0 Calculus 1 5 0 Advanced Algebra 2 0 Engineering Graphics 2 0 3 General and Inorganic Chemistry Lec 3 0 General and Inorganic Chemistry Lab 0 3 Communication Arts 2 3 0 Man the Christian Believer 3 0 Filipino sa Iba't-ibang Larangan 3 0 Rhytmic Activities 2 0 Civic Welfare Training Services 2 3 0 Total 27 6 SECOND YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Elementary Surveying Lecture 2 0 Elementary Surveying Laboratory 0 6 Computer Fundamentals & Programming 0 6 Engineering Physic s 1 Lecture 3 0 Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory 0 3 Logic 3 0 Life & Works of Rizal 3 0 The Christian Worship 3 0 Fundamentals of Games and Sports 2 0 Governance & Const with Current Issues 3 0 Total 19 15 SECOND YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Higher Surveys Lecture 2 0 Higher Surveys Laboratory 0 6 Calculus 2 5 0 Statics of Rigid Bodies 3 0 Engineering Physics 2 Lecture 3 0 Engineering Physics 2 Laboratory 0 3 Aural-Oral Communication 3 0 Man Witness in the World 3 0 Recreational Activities 2 0 Total 21 9 THIRD YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Dynamics of Rigid Bodies 3 0 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 5 0 Engineering Surveys Lecture 2 0 Engineering Surveys Laboratory 0 3 General Computer Application 0 3 Differential Equations 3 0 Building Design 1 Lecture 1 0 Building Design 1 Laboratory 0 3 Basic Mechanical Engineering 3 0 General Psychology 3 0 Total 20 9 THIRD YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Theory of Structures 1 Lecture 3 0 Theory of Structures 1 Laboratory 0 3 Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics 1 3 0 Course Code EM 111 EM 112X EM 124 ES 12A ENGL 1 FILI 1 REED 10 PE 11 NSTP 1 Acad Units 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) Course Code EM 121 EM 122 EM 123 ES 14A CHEM 4 CHEM 4L ENGL 2 REED 20 FILI 2 PE 12 NSTP2 Acad Units 3 5 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 29 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) EM 111, EM 112X EM 111, EM 112X EM 111, EM 112X ES 12A ENGL 1 REED 10 FILI 1 PE 11 NSTP1 Course Code CE 211C CE 211CL ES 16ANL PHYS 31N PHYS 31NL PHILO 2 HIST 17 REED 30 PE 13 POSC 13E Acad Units 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 24Prerequisites (Co-requisites) EM 111, EM112X EM 111, EM112X EM 111, EM112X EM 121, EM 122 EM 121, EM 122 None None REED 20 PE 12 None Course Code CE 221C CE 221CL EM 211 MECH 1 PHYS 32N PHYS 32NL ENGL 3 REED 40 PE 14 Acad Units 2 2 5 3 3 1 3 3 2 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE 211C, CE211CL CE 211C, CE211CL EM 122 PHYS 31, (EM 211) PHYS 31N PHYS 31N Engl 2 REED 30 PE 13 Course Code MECH 2 MECH 3 CE 311C CE 311CL CE 311G EM 22 BLDG 1 BLDG 1L ME310 PSYC 1 Acad Units 3 5 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) MECH 1 MECH 1 (MECH 2) CE 221C, CE221CL CE 221C, CE221CL EM111, EM123, ES16ANL EM 211 EM 124, ES 14A EM 124, ES 14A MECH 1 (MECH 2) NoneCourse Code CE 321A CE 321AL CE 321BX Acad Units 3 1 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 CE 321BLY CE 321C CE 321G BLDG 2 BLDG 2L EM 31 ECON 1N EE 320 Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics 1 Lab Engineering Geology Probability and Statistics Building Design 2 Lecture Building Design 2 Laboratory Advanced Engineering Mathematics Principles of Econ with Agrarian Reform Elementary Elect. Eng'g Total 0 3 3 1 0 3 3 3 22 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 9 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 25 MECH 2, MECH 3 PHYS 32, CHEM 4 EM 111 BLDG 1 BLDG 2 EM 22 None PHYS 32, EM 22 Course Code CE 411A CE 411AL CE 411BY CE 411BL CE 411C CE 411CL CE 412AX CE 412AL CE 412B SOSC 6 PHILO 25FOURTH YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Theory of Structure s 2 Lecture 3 0 Theory of Structures 2 Laboratory 0 3 Fluid Mechanics &Hydraulics 2 3 0 Fluid Mechanics &Hydraulics2 Lab. 0 3 Geotechnics 1 Lecture 3 0 Geotechnics 1 laboratory 0 3 Construction Materials and Testing Lec 2 0 Construction Materials and Testing Lab 0 3 Hydrology 3 0 Philippine Society and Culture 3 0 Philosophy of the Human Person 3 0 Total 20 12 FOURTH YEAR/ SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Reinforced Concrete Design Lec 3 0 Reinforced Concrete Design Lab 0 3 Environmental Engineering 3 0 Geotechnics 2 Lecture 3 0 Geotechnics 2 Laboratory 0 3 Geographic Information System Lec 1 0 Geographic Information System Lab 0 3Water Resources Engineering 3 0 Engineering Economics 3 0 Technical Writing 3 0 Survey of Arts 3 0 Total 22 9 Summer after 4th year/second semester Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs On the Job Training 3 0 Total 3 0 FIFTH YEAR/ FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Highway Engineering 3 0 Steel Design Lecture 3 0 Steel Design Laboratory 0 3 Ti mber Design 2 0 Construction Planng, Prog & Safety 3 0 Project 1 Lecture 1 0 Project 1 Laboratory 0 3 Elective 1 3 0 Elective 2 3 0 Engineering Management 3 0 Total 21 6 FIFTH YEAR/ SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Transportation Engineering 3 0 Project Management Lecture 2 0 Project Management Laboratory 0 3 Foundation Design 2 Foundation Design Lab. 3 Project 2 0 3 CE Laws, Contracts, Specs, & Ethics 3 0 Elective 3 3 0 Elective 4 3 0 Total 16 9 Acad Units 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE321A, CE321AL CE321A, CE321AL CE321B, CE321BL CE321B, CE321BL MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 EM 211, (CE411B) None None Course Code CE 421AN CE 421ANL CE 421B CE 421C CE 421CL CE 421G CE 421GL CE 423B ES 25 ENGL 23G HUMN 1 Acad Units 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 25 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE411A, CE412A CE411A, CE412A CHEM 4, CE 412B CE411C, CE411CL CE411C, CE411CL CE311C, CE311G CE311C, CE311G CE411B, CE411BL EM 22 4th Year Standing None Course Code OJT Acad Units 3 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) BLDG2, Completed 4th yr 2nd sem coursesCourse Code CE 511C CE 512A CE 512AL CE 514A CE 513A CE 511G CE 511GL CE 511E CE 511F ES 27 Acad Units 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE311C, CE421C CE411A, CE411AL CE411A, CE411AL CE411A, CE411AL 5th Year Standing completed 4th yr 2nd sem courses completed 4th yr 2nd sem courses refer to pre-req refer to pre-req ES 25 Course Code CE 521C CE 522A CE 522AL CE 522B CE 522BL CE 521G CE 522G CE 522E CE 523E Acad Units 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 20 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) 5th Year Standing ES 27, CE 513A ES 27, CE 513A CE 511A CE 511A CE 511G 5th Year Standing refer to pre-req refer to pre-req Note: NSTP and PE courses should be completed within the first two years in college.Elective Courses: Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Elective 1: Course Title Cluster A Prestressed Concrete 3 0 Cluster B Irrigation, Flood Control and Drainage Engg 3 0 Cluster C Urban Planning and Land Develop ment 3 0 Elective 2: Cluster A Bridge Design 3 0 Cluster B Sanitary Engineering 3 0 Cluster C Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Engg 3 0 Elective 3: Cluster A Entrepreneurship for Engineers 3 0 Cluster B Hydrologic Analysis and Modeling 3 0 Cluster C Pavement Analysis and Design 3 0 Elective 4: Cluster A Special Topics in Structural Engg 3 0 Cluster B Special Topics in Water Resources 3 0 Cluster C Special Topics in Geotechnical Engg 3 0 Acad Units 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE 421A CE 422B CE 311C, 5th Year Standing CE 421A CE 421B CE 421C ES 27 CE 412B, CE321G CE 511C CE 511A CE 423B CE 511C

Languages and Dialects of Spain Essay

With a population of approximately 45 million Spaniards and 3. 5 million immigrants, Spain is a country of contrasts where the richness of its culture blends it up with the variety of languages and dialects used. Being one of the largest economies worldwide, and the second largest country in Europe, Spain is a very appealing destination for tourists as well as for immigrants from around the globe. Almost all Spaniards are used to speaking at least two different languages, but protecting and preserving that right has not been easy for them; Spaniards have had to struggle with war, ignorance, criticism and the governments, in order to preserve and defend what identifies them, and deal with the consequences (some of which are good and some of which are bad) of dealing with this multilingual society they have. Spanish-Town-Guides, 2002-2011) In Spain there are 17th autonomous regions, the official language spoken in each region is Spanish or Castilian, however, there are three other recognized regional languages used throughout the country (Wikipedia contributors, 2011); Catalan (spoken in Catalonia, Valencian Community, and Balearic Islands), Basque (spoken in Basque Country and Navarre), and Galician, (spoken in Galicia) (Wikipedia contributors, 2011). Distributed throughout Spain there are a variety of smaller groups or regions with their own dialects, most of them Latin derivatives (as well as the main languages); Aragonese (spoken in Aragon, Huesca and Zaragoza), Asturian (spoken in Asturias),Calo (known as the language of the gypsies), Valencian and Mallorquin (Both dialects from Catalan and spoken in Valencia and Mallorca), Extremaduran (spoken in Extremadura), Occitan (also considered as a dialect of Catalan) and Gascon (that is considered a dialect of Occitan) (About. com, 2011). Each region? government has put all the efforts to create laws to ensure that people in all regions speak and practice their own language (Council of Europe, 2011); such is the case of Catalonia which is the region where there have been more efforts to preserve language. In Catalonia, there are no places where natives do not know Catalan or any of the dialects from it, and even foreigners living there must deal with this â€Å"handicap† since, in order to find a job, they need to learn to speak Catalan; otherwise, it will be very difficult to get hired, and social life can be limited as well since veryone around uses Catalan to communicate (Abanco, 1998). Spaniards, especially in Catalonia, Basque Country and Galicia have become very protective of their own languages and dialects, since they outright their extinction during Francoist period, which make them fight to ensure their languages remain being an important part, if not the most important part, of their life and their societies (Wikipedia contributors, 2011). Each region, with a language different than Castilian, is an avid defendant of their language; article 3 of the Spanish Constitution (About the Castilian and the other Spaniard languages) states: â€Å"1. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. All Spaniards have the duty to know it and the right to use it. †. â€Å"2. The other Spanish languages shall also be official in the respective Self-governing Regions in accordance with their Statutes. † and â€Å"3.  The wealth of the different linguistic modalities of Spain is a cultural heritage which shall be specially respected and protected† (Cortes Generales de Espana, 1978). This decree has helped to repair the damage caused during Francoist period (in which Spain was under the authoritarian dictatorship of Francisco Franco) from 1936 to 1975, when many of the regional languages were almost lost since they were forbidden; an ironic fact since general Franco was born in A Coruna, one of Galicia? s main cities, where Galician is more used than Castilian to communicate (Eric Solsten and Sandra W. Meditz, 1988). When the civil war ended, in 1975, and, in response to the oppression suffered for many years, some regions (especially Catalonia) began their efforts to preserve and enhance their languages. Thanks to those efforts Catalans can be proud to acknowledge that their languages and dialects are the most well-kept, normalized and preserved in the country, their continuous fight since the very end of war and their pride about using their language has giving them the courage to embrace and protect both, their language and their identity in such way that, in Catalonia, Castilian is limited to those who are foreigners and Catalan to natives. Unfortunately, a very different thing has happened in Galicia and Basque Country; since, by the end of war, the governments of both regions were more concerned about political affairs than preserving languages. In Basque Country, the reason for these lack of protectionism towards language was the persecution Basques suffer during the Civil War, they were accused of terrorism whenever they spoke in their own language; they were hunted and killed for this reason, and all of these actions made them a little afraid of protecting language even years after the end of war. Something similar happened in Galicia, where there were no efforts to maintain language after the war. It was years later that governments started to make efforts to preserve and rescue the language and to normalize it and make it mandatory in each school around the region, but the accurate and pure versions of them got lost with time and what new generations speak today is a mixture of old and new words adapted from the original language, but still it is quite far from the original, unaltered version of each language. The dialects in Spain share, in most of the cases, the same origin (most of the times Vulgar Latin), and the same language (for example Valencian is a dialect of Catalan); it can be thought, then, that communication in a language different than Spanish or Castilian is not that hard, and this is true but not entirely; even though these dialects come from the same sources, they differ greatly from each other; for example, in Catalonia, they use Catalan as well as in Val d? Aran; if an Occitan and a Catalan talk to each other, they will understand most of it but some words are very different, and it will take a bit of an effort to fully understand the language from one region to another. Each one of the circumstances explained above, the civil war, the immigration, the language protectionism and the normalization, are reasons to understand why Spaniards have become tolerant with languages and dialects; they have gone a long way in defending their ideals and their identity; all of the Spaniards and immigrants must pay tolerance in return to the rest of the population and accept everybody else? languages. However, not all Spaniards are sympathetic with this language protectionism, Castilian or Spanish speaking regions, such as Madrid are very less tolerant; they do not understand why one country must be separated more for languages than for borders, and this might be a valid premise, but each region has the right to protect what belongs to it. Languages, in one way, have caused separation among regions because, people consider themselves as Catalans, or Valencians, or Basques, or native of any other regions, more than they consider themselves Spaniards, and many regions are currently fighting for their independence (with no positive results so far) since they aim to be free to use their languages and dialects without being criticized and, also, be able to manage their own resources. There are many implications of having one, two or many anguages or dialects spoken in a same country or region, some of them are negative, such as this search for independence that has caused Spaniards to feel divided, not all of them feel part of the same country and many whish they were not part of the same country at all. Another implication is that communication is limited; even when all Spaniards speak Spanish, it is interesting to realize that they have both languages so acquired that they switch from one to the other in just seconds; this happens particularly with old people. As a woman married to a Catalan and having traveled to Catalonia a couple of times, I had the experience of facing this personally, people are so set in â€Å"Catalan-mode† that one minute they are speaking in Spanish, and the next they are speaking in Catalan without even realizing they change back and, in my particular case, I found myself reminding everyone to talk to me in Spanish; it is an awkward situation because you can also feel like an intruder and is tiring to constantly remind everyone to speak in Spanish, and when they did speak in Castilian, it was hard for me to understand them, since it is quite different from the Spanish or Castilian we speak in Costa Rica. Another negative implication is for immigrants; my cousin moved to Barcelona eleven years ago; she got a scholarship to finish her studies in laws at â€Å"Universitat de Barcelona. The first problem she had to face was the fact that all her lessons were taught in Catalan; and being a native Spanish speaker she felt very frustrated and worried, and it took many years for her to be able to understand Catalan (only understand it because she does not speak it); she is now living there and after she finished college it was very hard for her to find a job, once again the problem was the lack of Catalan; it is very challenging for a foreigner to move there since Catalans are so protective of their language that in order to find a job, people must speak Catalan. The last negative implication, from my point of view, is immigration within the country; my mother in-law was born in Galicia; she learned to speak Galician (the very limited kind of Galician that was spoken during the war) when she was little; and, at the age of nine, with almost her entire primary education finished, her family decided to move to Barcelona searching for a better life, where she had to deal with Catalan (even though during war it was forbidden to use it on the streets). The same problem happens with, for example, people with military positions, they move from one place to another during the entire military service, and they drag their families along with them; children are forced to change from one school to another and from one language to another, and this can cause confusion and frustration reflected on the students’ behavior and performance in school. Even when there are so many negative implications or consequences related to all the languages in a society, there are reasons to believe that there are also positive implications and if there are societies with this kind of structure, it is because it works somehow, no matter the problems involved. In contrast to the negative implications mentioned above, there are many other positive implications of being part of a multilingual society, to mention a few, it can be said that, in the particular case of Spain, their citizens have developed the ability to learn new languages very easily; they not only speak their official language (Castilian), they also speak they regional language (both native like) and this has helped them to develop more their listening skills and aptitude towards new languages; children are born and live in environments filled with language stimuli and learn to communicate effectively in more than one language, making things easier for them to acquire another language. Another example of a positive implication is tolerance, the cross-cultural situation Spaniards live has helped them to be more conscious about their differences and to accept everyone? s believes and culture. The continuous use of languages or dialects to interact with each other is another positive implication, since it has made them to be able to switch languages in a conversation without thinking about it; it comes natural to them since being multilingual is not an issue; it is just their reality. Spain is a multilingual society which has faced several obstacles in the way of preserving and keeping their languages and dialects, this protectionism has led to positive, but also negative consequences and implications for its citizens which, day after day deal with it and adjust to this conditions in order to be a part of the society. As challenging as it can be, Spaniards adjust to each situation in order to fit in; but of course there are also rewards involved, they are capable to appreciate and understand (at least most of them) what a long way each region has come to preserve their identity and they can embrace, and be empathetic with the reasons each region has for such protectionism.

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Essay

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Security will cover our needs when we are retired - Essay Example People at large now believe that the social security funds are not enough to provide financial shelter to the retired people and one should plan for his retirement without expecting that he will get enough from the national social security fund to fulfil all of his needs of the retired life (Brown et al, p83). The national social security program relies upon the taxes of the existing working force. The danger of the fiscal imbalance always remain associated with the social security funds because the number of retired people eligible to draw the funds anytime exceed the number of the workers paying to the system. This imbalance will cause the social security funds to run in deficit and the retired people will no longer be able to draw the desired amount of funds from the funds. The economic instability drawn by the financial recession and increase in the unemployment within the country has also increased the probabilities that the national security funds will run out few years before it has been projected by the financial experts (Stephen, p1). On average, the social security funds provide $1,076 per month to over 54 million Americans (Brown et al, p83). ... ts of the social security are more than the tax payers and in the coming years it is expected to record more imbalance in the ratio of retired and tax payer people. The government fiscal deficit has been increased to $1.5 trillion in 2011 due to which the funds available to pay the retirees are also expected to shrink in the coming years (Brown et al, p83). The issue of running out of the social security fund is great point of concern for the people in United States because the generally people use to reply upon these funds to meet their needs of the retired life. The social security funds could be deem as source of getting enough for the retired life but as the economy of the country is witnessing transformational changes due to number of factors it could no longer be a wise decision to reply upon the social security funds for the retired life. The people should now focus upon their individual planning so that they could spend their retired life with peace and financial security (Br own et al, p83). When the social security program was initiated in 1980s the fund reached the level of $2.5 trillion surplus within few years and it was expected that it will sufficiently pay out the benefits to the people until 2037. The projected year of running out in deficit is still not much close but the funds are already drained and the social security funds are now not enough to pay funds to all the eligible people until and unless the fund is provided from any other source. The danger of the collapse of the national security funds could not be overlook in the current situation where there is high level of economic uncertainty, instability and unemployment in the country (Megan, p1). It has been reported by most of the credible news sources like Associated Press, BBC and CNCB that

Proposing a Solution to a Problem-Childhood obisity Essay

Proposing a Solution to a Problem-Childhood obisity - Essay Example One major problem regarding children’s health is the huge quantity of sugary and high calorie food that is available to them at school. Vending machines are not supervised so it is hard to stop children from eating or drinking as much of these types of food or drink as they want. And since children don’t know what is best for them, this can often be a lot. A number of recent studies have shown the negative role vending machines play in children’s health. Removing them from schools is a potential solution to this unfortunate problem. Part of the reason why the issue of vending machines is on the radar these days is because obesity is becoming more and more of a problem in the United States. Obesity can lead to diseases like Type-2 Diabetes. According to Amy Virus, a registered dietitian, â€Å"[m]iddle schools students are at particular risk, because they are going through puberty, their physical activity and dietary habits are fluctuating . . .† (Colwell). It doesn’t help that there is temptation around every corner, with as many as 75 per cent of middle schools possessing vending machines which sell sugary drinks and fatty snacks. With all the emotion going on in their lives, it is not surprising that children going through puberty might reach out to enjoy some â€Å"comfort food.† Although some might call them â€Å"comfort foods,† but others might call them â€Å"competitive foods,† as the U.S. Department of Agriculture does. These are â€Å"foods offered at school other than meals served through USDA school mean programs—school breakfast, school lunch, and after-school snack programs† (Kaufman). Because the USDA is responsible to parents and taxpayers, it is careful to provide healthy options for school meals. Plus, this food is being given out by employees and teachers. If a student comes back to the cafeteria for a fourth helping of food, the staff can easily say, â€Å"You’ve

SAT promt essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SAT promt - Essay Example Mother Teresa was an ethnic Albanian, Catholic nun who arrived in India in 1931. Seeing all the poverty, pain and disease around her, she really doubted whether she will be able to make a difference in the life of the suffering humanity that surrounded her. She had no funds at her disposal and no material means to support her plans. To get over this problem, this brave Catholic nun devised a strategy. She decided to focus on the immediate person suffering before her, without getting disheartened by the big picture comprising of millions of suffering people. Hence, her mission which started with serving a single old man dying of leprosy in a gutter, gradually evolved into a big charity and this Catholic nun was able to bring happiness and peace to the life of millions of people. Especially in India, people harbor such respect for Mother Teresa that they fondly remember her as the Saint of the Gutters. The life of Mother Teresa not only teaches the value of being sincere and dedicated in the accomplishment of small things, but also stands as a beacon that warns the people who want to bring about a change in the world, to never get frustrated by admitting that they are too small to serve any pragmatic purpose. Most of the worthy endeavors mostly begin with a small act or gesture of kindness, courage or compassion. Nature has its own unique way of supporting the efforts of good people who intend to achieve a big goal by starting with small things. The overall impact of these small things when accumulated over time gives way to a surge of change that is too strong and too big to be restrained by obstacles, scarcities and resistance. It is quite possible that one would never have had a Mother Teresa in this world, if a frail Catholic nun in Calcutta would have got dismayed by the big size of suffering around her and would have given up on the very first old man that needed her help an d

The effect of Dropping of the Atomic Bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

The effect of Dropping of the Atomic Bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Essay Example Bombing the two cities have altered the moral implications of the president who authorized the bombing, President Truman, from the will to continue in the war and since then has become the subject of intense and passionate debate even for generations to follow. Bombing the two cities caused intense harm and killed many people as well as destroying the environment and the offspring of the survivors. Many people have suffered deformities and mental disabilities as well as causing other forms of cancer ( Fleming and Yamazaki 5). This article describes the effects of the atomic bombings that were dropped in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. It also contains all the authentic information, which is available on the damaged structures, the injuries contained in personnel, and the moral effect of the bombing. According to Kyoko (5) dropping, the atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima at 8:15 A.M. on August 6, 1945, caused devastating damages to the cit y. More than 4 square miles of the city were instantaneously and completely destroyed. In addition, more than 66,000 people lost their lives in addition to causing injuries to more than 69,000 people. Later on August 9 the same year, exactly three days after the first bombing was carried out in Hiroshima, another bombing was carried out in Nagasaki at exactly 11:02 A.M. ... The resultant devastation led the country of Japan to be allowed to surrender under the terms of the Potsdam declaration of July 26 1945 that the country had previously ignored (Kyoko 5). Bombing both cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had similar effects. Fabricated structures as well as other inanimate structures were destroyed. The destruction of the above structures was because of blasts or pressures waves, which is mostly similar to that of normal waves. However, the waves caused by these bombings were intense due to the strategic location that they were dropped, a few meters before hitting the ground where by the pressures would be at their maximum. Moreover, this allowed the bombings to exact pressure on a large geographical area that in turn affected more people. Moreover, the destruction was because of primary fires, which started promptly due to the high temperature radiated from the atomic explosion. The high temperatures and fire caused many burns on the people of Hiroshima causing severe scalds that later caused loss of lives to the people of Hiroshima (Manhatt The Manhattan Engineer District 5). Bombing both Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities caused the collapse of buildings, damaging effect to electrical systems laid previously by the people of Japan, toppling of stoves, and other primary effects of the blast. Collapse of buildings caused many people to lose their lives, as the buildings would collapse on their dwellers killing them instantaneously. Moreover, people died because of the spread of fire from the bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The reaction of the atom when it was exposed to open oxygen caused an ignition that lighted the fire thus burning the burnings and the people in them. Many casualties in Nagasaki suffered severe

Market Segmentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Market Segmentation - Essay Example Backpackers are people who travel with very limited budgets. They do not carry any fancy gadgets neither they have any kind of equipment with them. The people who go backpacking are usually those who are looking for the experience of the real world, they want to experience the world in the raw form. Nearly all the students who go for travelling for the first time are backpackers as backpacking is not expensive or difficult on the pockets. Backpackers usually prefer to walk or other wise use public transport to travel. Many countries do not prefer backpackers as they associate them with hippies, and therefore they feel that the backpackers would create an environment that would not be preferable by the tourists visiting their countries (Weaver, 2005). Flash packers are travelers who are well equipped and have affluence. Such kinds of travelers face no issues with regards to money and therefore they are equipped with all the luxurious goods and technologically advanced gadgets. Though they also travel independently like the back packers but unlike backpackers they stay at good hotels and enjoy everything without caring about the money. They are also known as posh packers. Unlike backpackers they are not travelling on any limited budget and hence have access to a lot of facilities that backpackers cannot afford. Many countries are not very welcome towards the influx of backpackers, but they prefer that the flash packers are attracted towards them as they know that these travellers are not short on money and would prefer only independence while they are travelling. Countries like India offer a lot of facilities and individual touring opportunities to such travellers who mostly arrive from European countries. Flash packers also use p roper means of transportation like taxis (Weaver, 2005). Gap packing is term that can be used for backpackers as well as flash packers. It is a term that is

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art History - Essay Example Each of the pieces shows a specific movement toward this new era, while providing different aspects outside of the Gothic style with the pieces. The first way in which the pieces move outside of the Gothic style and into the Renaissance is the canvas that is used within each piece. For instance, â€Å"L’Annonciation† and â€Å"The Unicorn Tapestries† both use several different frames to depict a specific setting and story. While some of this is more Gothic in nature, it was a known attribute of the Renaissance era to combine the several panels and to create a movement through these several frameworks to create a different ideal. The space, according to the Gothic ideal is one that represented â€Å"freedom, movement and sense of relationship† (Stockstad, 537). Instead of a sense of complete freedom within each of these canvas,’ there is a defined frame that each carries to tell a story and to create a specific definition. The canvas that is used within each then moves into the specific attributes and characteristics that each carries. This can first be seen with the ornamentation that is a part of the Gothic era and the Renaissance period. In the Gothic style, ornamentation was one of the central aspects to the different paintings, sculptures and architecture in the art work. This was defined as elegant in nature and was refined. The use of geometrical spacing to create the ornamentation was one of the central aspects of the Gothic era. However, the Renaissance began to rebel against this and to create more defined paintings, without the use of as much ornamentation or architecture in the background. Each of the pieces that are seen has more of the Renaissance style then the Gothic approach to the ornamentation used. The picture, â€Å"L Annonciation† is one that shows this concept. While there is ornamentation in some of the background items and architecture

Audit related issues facing Groupon company Assignment

Audit related issues facing Groupon company - Assignment Example The interested customers then purchase the coupons electronically using their credit cards or paypal which they present in those restaurants. The firm has experienced tremendous growth since its inception with expansion in over five hundred markets in about forty seven countries worldwide. In the first year of its establishment, it managed to receive revenue worth $15 million which had never been witnessed by other players in the same industry (Garner, 2008). However, it has began to experience numerous challenges including a significant drop in the price of its shares in the New York Stock exchange market after its Initial Public Offer (IPO) in the year 2011 in the month of November. Stiff competition from its major competitors such Google and LivingSocial have further pushed down the pre-tax profits of Groupon. These firms quickly adopted the techniques used by Groupon and have since emerged stronger than it. Current problems experienced by Groupon can be traced to internal control failures according to the Chicago Tribune dated September 24th 2013. Internal control failures After registering low revenue than expected in its third quarter financial report, the management of the firm admitted to weak system of internal controls as the main cause of the decline in revenue. The admission was made to the United States Security and Exchange Commission (S.E.C) as they sought to explain their untimely report. The true picture of the firm was revealed after an external audit was conducted by Ernest & Young who revealed serious internal control failures over financial reporting. The company’s spokeswoman also blamed the poor internal controls for being the cause of lack of accuracy in the accounts. The company experienced a number of failures which led to a decrease in the earnings per share of its stock from 12 cents per share to 8 cents per share. As the company expanded, many internal control initially set up were not followed accordingly. Some specific inte rnal control failures include inability to regulate the percentage discounts on each coupon as the demand for its services increased (Graham, 2011). The firm failed to monitor its sales as well as to keep track of its financial records. Some coupons could be sold at a loss leading to insufficient funds for the firms operations. Some firms terminated their contracts with Groupon as its shares began to decrease in value leading to a decline in its customer base. Before its Initial Public Offer, the firm introduced new protocols in its accounting procedures in a bid to paint an attractive picture to its prospective investors without checking the new system’s accuracy and reliability. In that case, there was no smooth transition between the old and the new accounting protocols and as a result some old systems were still in use. Specific solution There are several steps that the auditors of Groupon would have taken in order to avoid such failures in the internal control systems. F irst, there was a need to involve all stakeholders including its customers, shareholders and employees so as to seek their opinion before introducing any change in the internal controls. This would have assisted in improving and maintaining the trust of its employees and customers thus contributing in making them feel part of the firm. The main challenge with this approach is that it requires a lot of time to undertake as well as resources (Whittington, 2012). The second approach is to adopt the use external and more independent auditors after the internal auditors have done their part. This is however costly but a firm in the

Investigating the Environmental Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico Essay

Investigating the Environmental Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico - Essay Example This has seriously impacted the human values of not causing harm to others. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the complexity and link between sustainability issues including natural laws and human values; and determine the ways in which human systems and ecosystems are linked. and the ethics of not causing harm (George 242). Moral law is a free will approach which gives people the freedom to decide the way in which they should act. â€Å"Moral law theory is morally absolute, not relativistic, connecting human nature and ethical life† (Houser et al 22). Ethical laws are natural, that is they apply to all human beings, irrespective of individual customs and beliefs. Significantly, natural laws are non-consequential, and the consequences of an act are not brought into the ethical analysis. In this respect, it is evident that the oil spill causing extensive destruction is the consequence of installing the particular oil rig, and this outcome is not included in the ethical analysis of the situation. According to natural law, human life has absolute value, hence a single life cannot be sacrificed to save several lives. Thus, it is in contrast with the utilitarian view of cost and benefit, and of achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people (Houser et al 22). Additionally, natural law requires that moral judgments should take into account the intentions of the persons performing the act. In the oil rig disaster, it is not possible to make any moral judgment of right or wrong based on the intentions of the British Petroleum Company, since the occurrence of such a magnitude, which has caused extensive financial losses for the company was not deliberately intended to happen by them. However, the element of carelessness towards ensuring thorough safety in all aspects appears to have played a part in the catastrophe. The ongoing leakage from the oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, 48 miles

Successful Athlete Essay Example for Free

Successful Athlete Essay Vince Lombardi says â€Å"the price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand and the determination that whether we win or lost we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.† A dedicated athlete puts forth their all by fully devoting themselves to their sport. They always try to give one hundred and ten percent before during and after practice. Athlete achieves their success knowing they worked hard to attain it and can truly say they accomplished something that makes them a better person. For instance basketball sensation LeBron James keeps striving to improve. Branded the next Michael Jordan when he was in high school and drafted by the Cleveland cavaliers LeBron James kept his cool and kept working hard. He emerged an all-star and leader the cavaliers to the NBA playoffs three years in a row and made it to the NBA finals in 2007 against the San Antonio spurs. However the cavaliers lost their championship bid in four consecutive games. James continued to help the cavaliers improve in 2008 the team made it to the semifinals where they defeated by the Boston Celtics in seven games. Struggling for an NBA championship, shortly after becoming a free agent, however James announced that he would be joining the Miami heat. Many of his fans consider hid departure a betrayal to his hometown. James finishes second in the league during his first season with the heat. The 2011-2012 seasons also saw major success for James and the Miami heat. Winning his first NBA championship defeating the Oklahoma City thunder. Throughout his NBA career, LeBron James has been considered one of the best player in the league, and has been compared to basketball great Michael Jordan.

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay Example for Free

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas presents ideas about World War 2 and the holocaust. The movie shows what fear and Punishment and the innocence of childhood would have been like during WW2 and the holocaust. During World War 2 and the holocaust, fear within the Jewish race was created by the soldiers. Soldiers had the power and right to abuse and attack the Jewish people â€Å"when it pleased them. † Under Hitler, the soldiers had the next amount of ultimate power and used it to their advantage to pressure the Jewish people under the influence that if they misbehave they will be punished. In the movie ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ this fear is seen when Lieutenant Kotler walks into the dining room and sees Schmuel eating a pastry and Bruno talking to him. The Lieutenant is shot from a low camera angle to show his power and strength. Schmuel and Brunos eyes widen and jagged breaths escape from their mouths as the soldier interrogates them with his strong, stern voice about the pastry and the talking that was occurring, Because of the fear with which the lieutenant filled the boys, Bruno lies to Lieutenant Kotler because he is afraid of what will happen. He betrays his only friend and Schmuel is the one who gets the beating for it. Fear is also shown in the film when Bruno’s mother discovers the true information of what it happening a few hundred metres from her home. She confronts her husband and is stricken with fear for what is happening to the Jewish race, she cowers in the corner in a foetal position as her husband come close to support her and explain himself. The camera is above her, which show how small and insignificant she is and how large and fearful her husband can be. The fear created and explored in the movie The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas displays what it would have been like for the Jewish race during World War 2 and the Holocaust. The holocaust and World War 2 was a time of punishment and pain for the Jewish race. The Jewish race was punished for not fitting into Hitler’s idea of a â€Å"perfect race. † Punishment wasn’t just for those who did something wrong. A Jew could be punished for looking at a guard the wrong way or making a small error that would be considered insignificant in any other situation. Punishments could vary from a beating, to a bashing to the death chamber. In the movie ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ punishment on a Jew is seen when Lieutenant Kotler bumps the servant Pavel while he is pouring red wine. It’s not Pavel’s fault but because he is Jewish he is be blamed for the soldier’s mistakes. The Lieutenant drags the servant into the hall way and begins to bash him while the family are in the next room eating in silence, listening to the punishment that Pavel is enduring. Another Example of Punishment in ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ is when Lieutenant Kotler find Schmuel and Bruno talking in the dining room. The Lieutenant see’s Schmuel eating a pastry a questions the boys. When he finds Schmuel ‘guilty’ of stealing food he is taken away. The next day when Bruno goes on his adventure to the camp the audience can see that Schmuel has been punished for his actions. Schmuel is shown to have had a beating and as a result he has a swollen eye with cuts and bruises all over his body. The Punishment that seen throughout â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas† displays what it would have been like during the holocaust and World War 2 for the Jewish race. During World War 2 and the Holocaust children were put through a living nightmare, being exposed to killings, torture and punishment for something unknown to their innocent minds. Children were not in the know, being put through a hell of a time and not being able to understand how they are different to their best friends of another race. The Innocence of a childhood is displayed in the ‘Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ when the commandant and his soldiers are in the office watching the propaganda film created to persuade and demonstrate to the rest of the world that they are treating Jews with ‘excellent’ living conditions and an ‘average’ and ‘happy’ lifestyle. When Bruno peeks in on the propaganda film, he is placed under the belief that where his friend Schmuel is living is a happy place with play areas, a cafe with excellent food and time is lost with all the ‘fun and games’ that they provide. When Bruno makes the decision to cross the electric fence and help his friend Schmuel who has lost his father, he discovers that the film he watched was actually a lie and doesn’t understand why everyone is so sad and the area is constantly monitored by armed soldiers. Bruno is unaware of the situation and becomes scared and wishes to go home. In this time he discovers that everything he saw in the movie is a lie, the cafe, the play areas, the giggling children. Within â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas† the innocence of a childhood is displayed by the propaganda film which inflicts the belief of a lie onto an innocent child who doesn’t understand the ways of the real world and his surroundings, this demonstrates how a childhood was influenced by lies during the Holocaust and World War 2. The movie â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas† displays the previous ideas of how fear, punishment and the innocence of a childhood creates a scene which demonstrate what World War 2 and the Holocaust would have been like for The Jewish race, soldiers, innocent children and the surrounding onlookers to the War that was taking place.

Mobile Phone use: Reaction Times

Mobile Phone use: Reaction Times The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of divided attention upon response time. Participants consisted of 51 female and 10 male students from the University of Canberra, ranging in age from 19- 60 years (M = 24.95, SD = 7.99). Participants were asked to complete a spatial cueing task while using their mobile phone to either send text messages or make phone calls. Data was collected using the universities computers on the program Cog Lab 2.0. Results revealed that the text and talk conditions for all task types (neutral, valid, and invalid) had significantly slower reaction times than the control condition. The text group showed significantly slower reaction times than the talk group. Furthermore, the control group showed that the reaction times for the valid tasks was significantly faster than the neutral, and significantly faster for the valid than invalid tasks. These results do support previous research and literature in the area of mobile phone use while driving. The use of mobile phones has grown over the last five years, with over 21.26 million users in Australia alone (White, Hyde, Walsh Watson, 2010). Despite increasing evidence that mobile phone use while driving presents risks; drivers still engage in this behaviour. A self- report study on mobile phone use while driving in Australia, found that 43 percent of mobile phone owners use their phones while driving to answer their calls, followed by making calls 36 percent, reading text messages 27 percent, and sending text messages 18 percent. Approximately a third of these drivers used hand free units, indicating that most Australian drivers use hand held mobile phones while driving (White Watson, 2010). The impairment potential of mobile phone usage while driving has been the focus of various behavioural and experimental studies. Although these studies differ in the extent of behavioural changes found, most researchers agree that there is a significant negative effect on different aspects of driving performance. The most common aspects are the withdrawal of attention and slower reaction times (Reed Green, 1999). The impact of driving while using a mobile phone on reaction time is often explained with reference to a phenomenon commonly referred to as inattentional blindness or change blindness (Strayer, Drews Johnston, 2003), wherein a person who is focusing attention on one particular task will fail to notice an unexpected stimulus even while directly looking at it (Simons Chabris, 1999). Strayer and Johnston (2003), determined that drivers conversing on a hands free mobile phone were more likely than drivers not using mobile phones to fail to notice traffic signals and respond slower to brake lights. As a result drivers were more likely to cause rear end accidents and less likely to be able to recall detailed information about specific visual stimuli (Strayer et al., 2003). These researchers also found this behaviour in participants who fixated their vision, suggesting that mobile phone conversations may induce inattentional blindness in the context of driving. However, Strayer Johnston (2003) considered that because they used a high- fidelity driving simulator that these results were conclusive of real life driving. These results may not be accurate in real life scenarios were participants would be driving on real roads with real vehicles. Beede Kass, (2006) also used a driving simulator to measure the impact of a conversation task on a hands free mobile phone and a signal detection task while driving. Results suggested driving performance in terms of traffic violations, was significantly impaired while participants converse on the hands free unit and overall performance in the signal detection task were low. Finally they found an interaction between the mobile phone conversation and a signal detection task in measures of speed, speed variability, reaction time and attention lapses (Beede Kass, 2006). However, drivers that are not subjected to distracting tasks may also fail to notice important features of the traffic environment. That is, even when scanning different parts of the visual scene appropriately, there is a risk that important features will be missed in unattended areas (Simons Chabris, 1999). In considering the phenomena of inattentional blindness, it is worth reiterating a key modifier, unexpected events. Generally, the occurrence of these inattentional failures seems to be reduced when the observer anticipates the object. Therefore, the unexpected events seem to be the most problematic. In the context of traffic, these may be somewhat harder to define quantitatively because these events can take on many different forms (Simons Chabris, 1999). A study conducted by Posner, Snyder Davidson, (1980) using a spatial cueing task, looked into the theory of expected versus unexpected events. They believe that participants responses to cued targets are usually faster and sometimes more accurate than responses to uncued targets. Results from the study conducted by Posner et al., (1980) suggest that participants were faster when the cue appeared in the same location (valid) and slowest when the cue appeared opposite the indicated cue (invalid). Posner, Snyder and Davidson, (1980) interpreted these results as showing that participants shifted their attention to the location of the target prior to its appearance. Equally, when participants were expecting the cue to appear in the opposite area, participants shifted attention to the wrong location. However, it may be possible to describe these results as being due to participants anticipation of the target position, or even chance. Alternatively, Simons Chabris (1999) provided a review of experiments in which participants focusing on visual tasks fail to notice unexpected visual stimuli, and present their own seminal explanation of the phenomenon. Results suggest that the probability of noticing the unexpected object depended on the similarity of the particular object within the display and the difficulty of the task. Simons Chabris (1999) add that the spatial proximity of the object to attended location did not affect the detection, suggesting that participants attend to objects and events, not positions (Simons et al., 1999). However, this study did not explore whether individual differences in noticing, take place from differences in the ability to perform the primary task. Strayer, Drews Crouch (2006) compared drivers using mobile phones to drunk drivers, concludingthat when controlling for driving difficulty and time on task, mobile-phone drivers exhibited a greater impairment than intoxicated drivers. Results of this study found that the reaction time of drivers using a mobile phone were slower by 8.4 percent relative to drivers who neither had consumed alcohol nor were using phones. Also drivers using mobile phones were actually more likely to have a rear- end crash than drivers who had consumed alcohol (Strayer Crouch, 2003). The impact of using a hands free phone on driving performance was not found to differ from the impact of using a hand held phone, which researchers suggested was due to the withdrawal of attention from the processing of information in the driving environment while engaging in mobile phone conversation (Strayer et al., 2003). However, the measures used for the two impairments mentioned above, are quite unusual. Mobile phone i mpairment is associated with the diversion of attention and is temporary, while the impairment from alcohol persists for longer periods of time. Furthermore, while mobile phone users have some kind of control (e.g. pausing a conversation) drivers who are intoxicated cannot do much to control their performance. Studies that have looked at the effects of texting while driving have also suggested a negative impact on drivers performance (Drews, Yazdani, Celeste, Godfrey Cooper, 2009). Research by Drews Cooper (2009) found a lack of response time in participants who used their mobile phones to send text messages while driving on a simulator. They concluded the texters in the driving simulator had more crashes, responded more slowly to the brake lights of cars in front of them- and showed more impairment in forward and sideways control than drivers who talked on their mobile phones while driving. (Drews et al. also found that text messaging participants longest eyes off the road duration was over six seconds. At 55mph this equates to a driver travelling the length of a football field without looking at the roadway. In summary, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of divided attention on response time. To achieve this purpose, this study aims to measure response times in the neutral, valid, and invalid conditions of a spatial cueing task, while participants use their mobile phones to talk or text. Based on both theory and past research, it is hypothesised that the control group will have significantly faster reaction times over all groups (text and talk). It was also hypothesised that the reaction times for the control group across all task types (valid, invalid, and neutral) would be significantly different. More specifically, it was predicted that the task type for the valid condition would be faster than the neutral task, and significantly faster for the valid than the invalid task. It was hypothesised that there would be a significant difference between participants reaction times within the talk group across all three conditions (valid, invalid, and neutral) in contrast to th e text group. More specifically it was predicted that the reaction times for the talk group will be significantly faster overall compared to the text group. Method Participants The participants of this study consisted of 61 graduate and undergraduate students of the unit cognitive psychology, from the University of Canberra (51 female and 10 male). Ages ranged from 19 to 60 years (M = 24.95, SD = 7.99). Participants were allocated a condition based on their tutorial group. Tutorial one were allocated to the text condition, this group included 20 participants of which two performed the control condition due to non- availability of a mobile phone. Tutorial two participants were allocated to the talk condition, this group included 18 participants, of which one participant did the control condition. Tutorial three and four participants were allocated to the control condition, this group included 24 participants, of which three participants did the text condition. One participant was excluded from the study, as they did not record their mean response times. Materials All 61 participants were given a spatial cueing task on the universities computer during class tutorials. Participants used the computer program Cog Lab 2.0 to view and complete the cueing task. Each participant was given an instruction sheet as per his / her tutorial group. Participants within the text and talk condition used their own personal mobile phone. Procedure Student participants were divided into three groups as arranged by their tutorial time and group. These groups comprised of three conditions text, talk, and control. While in tutorials participants were given an instruction sheet and told to follow the instructions as per their group category (text, talk, or control). In order to maintain confidentiality participants were asked to select and record a code name. They were than asked to give their age, gender, and identify the group they had been assigned to. Each group of participants were given a set of instructions that were unique to their own group. The text group were told to complete the spatial cueing exercise while writing and sending three text messages. They were instructed not to answer their phone or talk to anyone else during the experiment. The talk group were instructed to make a series of short calls or one long call while taking part in the experiment. They were also told not to answer the phone or talk to any one else in the room. The control group were given instructions to focus only on the experiment and give it the same attention they would if driving a car on a busy road. They were told not to talk on the phone, message, or talk to anyone else in the room. Participants were then asked to complete the spatial cueing task on the computer (Cog Lab 2.0) per their assigned group. Design Variables: The independent variable in this study was the mobile phone = 3 levels, the dependant variable was response time. Results Effect of Condition on Reaction Time Mean reaction times for the Text group were slower than for the Talk group, and those for the Talk group were slower than the Control group. Mean reaction times for each condition on the Neutral, Valid and Invalid tasks are shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Mean reaction time for control, text and talk conditions across neutral, valid and invalid spatial cueing tasks. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA indicated a significant difference in reaction times across Control (Mean Rank = 15.0), Talk (Mean Rank = 31.3), and Text (Mean Rank = 48.3) conditions, H(2,61) = 38.60, p The significance level was reset to p = .02 using a Bonferroni correction. A Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the Text group (Mean Rank = 33.48 for Neutral task, Mean Rank = 33.95 for Valid task, Mean Rank = 33.0 for Invalid task, n = 21) had significantly slower reaction times than the Control group (Mean Rank = 12.48 Neutral task, Mean Rank = 12.04 Valid task, Mean Rank = 12.91 Invalid task, n = 23), U = 11.0, z = -5.416;U = 1.0, z = -5.181; U = 21.0, z = -5.651; (corrected for ties), p Follow-up Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the Talk group (Mean Rank = 28.59, Mean Rank = 29.24, Mean Rank = 28.18, n = 17) also had significantly slower reaction times than the Control group (Mean Rank = 14.52 Neutral task, Mean Rank = 14.04 Valid task, Mean Rank = 14.83 Invalid task, n = 23), U = 58.0, z = -3.762; U = 47.0, z = -4.063; U = 65.0, z = -3.57; (not corrected for ties) , p Follow-up Mann-Whitney U tests indicated the Text group (Mean Rank = 25.81, Mean Rank = 26.86, Mean Rank = 26.05, n = 21) had significantly slower reaction times than the Talk group (Mean Rank = 11.71 Neutral task, Mean Rank = 10.41 Valid task, Mean Rank = 11.41 Invalid task, n = 17), U = 46.0, z = -3.89; U = 24.0, z = -4.536; U = 41.0, z = -4.037; (not corrected for ties), p Effect of Task Type on Reaction Time A Friedman ANOVA showed there was a significant difference in reaction times across task type for the control group, à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2(2) = 24.09, p Discussion This study explored the effects of divided attention on response time. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA did show a significant difference between reaction times across all three conditions (control, talk and text). However this analysis leaves the ambiguous situation of not knowing which condition/s differed more so than others. A second analysis was performed, this revealed that response times for the text group across all task types (valid, invalid, and neutral) were significantly slower than the control group, the effect was large. Results also revealed that the response times for the talk group across all task types were significantly slower than the control group; the effect was medium to large. These results are consistent with the first hypothesis. Previous studies much more scientific than ours, conducted in vehicle simulators have also found a significant relationship between similar aspects of texting, talking, and driving. However, drawing comparisons between this s tudies results and past studies results, issues arise over the current studies methods. This study was not employed in a driving simulator, nor was the task undertaken in a real driving environment or vehicle. Participant simply sat in front of a computer in a class room where they were told to imagine driving a car on a busy road. There is no possible way this would accurately represent actual driver duties or a real driving environment. The sample size is also quite questionable and would not represent the current driving population. A future benefit for this study would be to create a more legitimate driving environment and increase the sample size. The results of the fourth analysis also supported the hypothesis; these results showed the text group to have significantly slower reaction times than the talk group across all task types, the effect was large. Results are also consistent with past research on texting, driving and mobile phone use. Although, this study was not performed in a real or simulated driving environment these results were expected because texting required the participants to remove their eyes and attention away from the computer screen. However, these results only indicated a difference between reaction times, they do not suggest where the difference lies or how much interference can be attributed to the manual manipulation of the phone (e.g. texting), or how much can be attributed to the demands placed on attention by the phone conversation. A benefit to future studies would be to measure each one of these underlining factors separately and then compare those with other activities commonly engaged during dr iving. The last analysis showed there was a significant difference in reaction times across task type for the control group. More specifically results showed reaction time for valid tasks to be significantly faster than for neutral tasks, and significantly faster for the valid than the invalid. These effects were described as large. This result also supports the hypothesis and the previous study conducted by Posner and Davidson, (1980). However, most spatial cueing experiments including this one have been concerned with the effect of directing attention on the detection of stimuli. Little has been done on the influence of visual attention on higher-level cognitive tasks, i.e., where a response would involve making a decision between two or more alternatives (Johnston, McCann Remington, 1995). According to Johnston et al. (1995) responding to a higher-level cognitive task and detecting a stimulus may only be the first stage or a single process in a series of mental procedures involved in th e response. Directing attention to the location of the stimulus might result in faster detection of the stimulus. It may be beneficial for this study and others like it to explore this theory more comprehensively. References Beede, K. E., Kass, S. T. (2006). Engrossed in conversation: The impact of cell phones on simulated driving performance. Accident Analysis Prevention, 38, 415-421. Retrieved from http://www.Canberra.edu.au/library Drews, F. A., Yazdani, H., Celeste, N., Godfrey, Cooper, J. M., Strayer, D. L. (2009). Text Messaging during simulated driving. Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 51, 762-770. Johnston, J. C., McCann, R. S., Remington, R. W. (1995). Chronometric evidence for two types of attention. Journal of Psychological Sciences, 6, 365-386. Posner, M. I., Snyder, R. R., Davidson, B. J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 109, 160-174. Reed, M. P., Green, P. A. (1999). Comparison of driving performance on-road and in a low-cost simulator using a concurrent telephone dialling task. Ergonomics, 42, 1015-1037. Simons, D. J., Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28, 1059-1074. Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., Crouch, D. J. (1999). A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver. Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 48, 381-391. Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., Johnston, W. A. (2003). Cell phone- induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 9, 23-32. White, K. M., Hyde, M. K., Walsh, S. P., Watson, B. (2010). Mobile phone use while driving: An investigation of the beliefs influencing drivers hands- free and hand- held mobile phone use. Journal of Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13, 9-20. Retrieved from http://www. canberra.edu.au/library Self-evaluation Form for Cognitive Psychology 2010 Lab Report For each item in the table, highlight or bold the description that fits your work for that component of the lab report. HD D CR P F Title n/a n/a n/a > 12 words Abstract concise, accurate and elegant description of problem, participants, experimental conditions, method, results, and conclusion. concise and accurate description of problem, participants, experimental conditions, method, results, and conclusion. D accurate description of problem, participants, experimental conditions, method, results, and conclusion (one omitted) generally accurate description of problem, participants, experimental conditions, method, results, and conclusion (up to two omitted) poor description of participants, problem, participants, experimental conditions, method, results, and conclusion (three of more omitted) Introduction concise, accurate and elegant introduction of the topic concise and accurate introduction of the topic accurate introduction of the topic CR generally accurate introduction of the topic, some minor errors of understanding less than accurate introduction of the topic comprehensive coverage of literature and substantial critical thought and analysis establishing importance, relevance and context of the issue comprehensive coverage of literature and sound critical thought and analysis establishing importance, relevance and context of the issue good understanding of the literature but limited critical analysis establishing importance, relevance and context of the issue CR good understanding of the literature but little or no critical analysis establishing importance, relevance and context of the issue little or no understanding of the literature or critical analysis establishing importance, relevance and context of the issue developed and justified argument for experiment using own ideas based on a wide range of sources which are thoroughly analysed, applied and discussed critical appraisal of the literature and theory from a variety of appropriate sources and developed own ideas in the process D clear evidence and application of readings relevant to topic and use of appropriate sources lit review is less complete than for D and HD literature is presented in a purely descriptive way (no critical thought); there may be limitations in understanding of the material literature is presented in a disjointed way with no critical thought and major limitations in understanding of the material exceptional understanding of problem and theoretical framework, and integration and innovative selection and handling of theories clear understanding of the general problem and theoretical framework and insightful and appropriate selection of theories good understanding of general problem and theoretical framework and most key theories are included in a straightforward manner CR adequate understanding of general problem and theoretical framework and selection of theory is appropriate but some aspects have been missed or misconstructed little or no understanding of the general problem and/or the theoretical framework concise, clear and accurate argument leading to a statement of hypotheses clear and accurate argument leading to a statement of hypotheses accurate argument leading to a statement of hypotheses CR generally accurate argument leading to a statement of hypotheses; hypotheses incomplete/inaccurate inaccurate or missing argument or statement of hypotheses Method concise, accurate and elegant description of participants, materials, design and procedures concise and accurate description of participants, materials, design and procedures accurate description of participants, materials, design and procedures CR generally accurate description of participants, materials, design and procedures (one may be missing) poor description of participants, materials, design and procedures; one or more of these may be missing experiment is completely and easily replicable from the information in the method experiment is completely replicable from the information in the method D experiment can be almost replicated from the information in the method errors are more noticeable and may be more serious experiment can be replicated with moderate accuracy from the information in the method one or two major errors experiment cannot be replicated with a satisfactory level of accuracy from the information in the method major and serious errors Results results from Moodle are included and correctly placed HD n/a n/a results from Moodle are included but incorrect placement or they have been altered results from Moodle are not included and/or correctly placed, or are not those provided via Moodle Discussion concise, accurate and elegant summary and interpretation of results related back to the hypotheses concise and accurate summary and interpretation of results related back to the hypotheses (only very minor errors) accurate summary and interpretation of results related back to the hypotheses (only minor errors) generally accurate summary and interpretation of results related back to the hypotheses (one or two more major errors) poor or inaccurate summary and interpretation of results related back to the hypotheses (major errors) comprehensive discussion of the results in relation to previous literature and theory, and substantial critical thought and analysis of where the current findings belong in the literature comprehensive discussion of the results of the results in relation to previous literature and theory and considerable critical thought and analysis of where the current findings belong in the literature sound discussion of the results in relation to previous literature and theory, and some critical thought and analysis of where the current findings belong in the literature CR reasonable discussion of the results in relation to previous literature and theory, but no critical thought or analysis of where the current findings belong in the literature poor discussion of the results in relation to previous literature and theory critically evaluation of evidence supporting conclusions including reliability, validity and significance comprehensive evaluation of the relevance and significance of results including reliability, validity and significance sound evaluation of the relevance and significance of the results including reliability, validity and significance CR satisfactory evaluation of the relevance and significance of the results including reliability, validity and significance little or no evaluation of the relevance and significance of the results including reliability, validity and significance exceptional interpretation of any unexpected results and discussion of alternative interpretations of findings clear interpretation of any unexpected results and discussion of alternative interpretations of findings good interpretation of any unexpected results and discussion of alternative interpretations of findings CR satisfactory interpretation of any unexpected results and discussion of alternative interpretations of findings little or no interpretation of any unexpected results or discussion of alternative interpretations of findings concise, clear and thoughtful discussion of problems, limitations and generalisability of the study, and implications for future research projects clear, accurate and thoughtful discussion of problems, limitations and generalisability of the study, and implications for future research projects D accurate and competent discussion of problems, limitations and generalisability of the study, and implications for future research projects discussion of problems, limitations and generalisability of the study, and implications for future research projects little or no discussion of problems, limitations or generalisability of the study, or implications for future research projects Norovirus: Causes and Solutions Norovirus: Causes and Solutions Contents Origin and spread of the Norovirus: Symptoms: Transmission in health care facility: Prevention of Norovirus: Preventive measures for spread of virus in health care facility: Early (or primary) control actions: Control of transmission at the ward level: Specific Nursing care for patients: Personal care: Proper hand hygiene: Extra care: Bibliography Essay Origin and spread of the Norovirus: Norovirus, occasionally acknowledged as the winter vomiting bug in the United Kingdom, is the utmost common reason of viral gastroenteritisin human beings. It affects individuals of all ages. The virus is transferred byfecally polluted water or food, by person-to-person interaction and through aerosolization of the disease and following adulteration of surfaces.The virus affects about 267 million individuals and reasons above 200,000 deceases every year; these deaths are frequently in less advanced republics and in the very young, aged and immunosuppressed. Norovirus infection is categorized by watery diarrhoea, forceful vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and in several cases, general lethargy, muscle aches, loss of taste, headache, weakness and low-grade fever may arise. The illness is typically self-limiting, and severe sickness is rare. Though having norovirus can be spiteful, it is not generally hazardous and most that contact it make a full retrieval in a couple of days. Norovirus is speedily disabled by either adequate heating or by chlorine based disinfection, but the virus is less vulnerable to alcohols and cleaners. (Ben Lopman, 2011) Aftercontamination,resistanceto norovirus is usually partial and momentarywith one publication drawing the deduction that defensive immunity to the similar pressure of norovirus continues for six months, but that all such resistance is disappeared after two years. Outbursts of norovirus contagion often happen in closed or semi closed societies, such as long-term care amenities, overnight campsites, clinics, schools, dormitories, prisons, and cruise ships, where the contamination spreads very speedily either by person-to-person spread or through polluted food. Numerous norovirus outbursts have been outlined to food that was controlled by one infected individual. (Sears, 2008) The species name  Norovirusis derivative of Norwalk virus, the only kind of the genus. The species causes about 90% of epidemicnonbacterial outbursts of gastroenteritisround the domain,and may be accountable for 50% of all foodborne outbursts of gastroenteritis in the USA. Symptoms: Symptoms recorded by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) contain vomiting, non-bloody diarrhoea with stomach cramps and biliousness. These seem following a development period of 24-48 hours, though there are examples where signs present after only 12 hours succeeding disclosure to the virus.(Mcgeary, 2012) Blacklow (1996) found grown-up volunteers injected with the virus established a momentary mucosal laceration of the proximal minor intestine but had no colon association; this proposes norovirus infection frees the large intestine; hereafter faecal leucocytes do not exist in stool testers. This feature has been used to aid distinguish the contamination from others such as salmonellosis, C difficile infection orshigellosis. Transmission in health care facility: Noroviruses are found in the faeces and vomitus of infected individuals. This virus is very spreadable and can feast rapidly through healthcare amenities. People can become infested with the virus in numerous ways: Having straight contact with another individual who is infested (a healthcare employee, guest, or another patient) Ingestion food or drinking fluids that are polluted with norovirus. Touching tops or objects polluted with norovirus, and then touching your face or other food items. (HAIs, 2013) Prevention of Norovirus: In a healthcare capacity, patients with supposed norovirus may be located in isolated rooms or share accommodations with other patients with the identical infection. Extra prevention actions in healthcare amenities can reduce the chance of interacting with noroviruses: Follow hand-hygiene rules, and cautiously washing of hands with cleanser and water after interaction with patients with norovirus contagion. Use robes and gloves when in connection with, or caring for patients who are indicative of norovirus. Regularly clean and sterilize high touch patient exteriors and apparatus with an Environmental Protection Agency-approved produce with a tag claim for norovirus Eliminate and wash polluted clothing or linens Healthcare employees who have signs consistent with norovirus should be barred from work. Preventive measures for spread of virus in health care facility: The virus is characteristically conveyed to persons by the faecal-oral path from fecally polluted foodstuff or water, person-to-person interaction or interaction with polluted fomites. In current institutional outbreaks, airborne spread via vomiting has been suggested as expediting rapid spread of contagion. Once noroviruses are presented onto a region or floor, the contamination may spread speedily through the facility in spite of cohorting and actions to limit the feast of the contaminations. To support in the decision-making procedure for infirmaries and nursing homes when these contaminations happen, the Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Division of Public Health has collected a list of recommended, but not required control actions established from knowledge with organization of earlier hospital eruptions. The movements taken by diverse hospitals or nurturing homes may vary with the sum of cases and degree of spread within the facility. (health protection agency) Early (or primary) control actions: †¢ Once a catalogue case presents within an area, immediate separation of the patient and the instant area is necessary. †¢ Patients inflowing the hospital with indications evocative of norovirus contagions should be admitted straight to a private area until another cause of disease are recognized. †¢ The contamination control staff should be instantly notified about the beginning of the first case. †¢ Infection control run should meet every day to screen the outbreak and assess control actions. †¢ Support enteric defences and strategies to all staff associates. †¢ Staff should be repeated that good hand washing after all patient interaction (washing with warm running water and cleanser for at least 10 seconds) is the utmost operational way of dropping person-to-person feast of contamination. In the absenteeism of running water, alcohol emollient may be used except hands are totally soiled. †¢ The native health officer should be instantly notified once an outburst is alleged. †¢ Indicative patients or inhabitants should be cohorted. †¢ If an outburst lasts consider closing the facility to new admittances. †¢ Pretentious staff must be controlled from patient interaction for 48 hours after termination of signs. (management of norovirus, 2004) Control of transmission at the ward level: †¢ Unluckily, by the time the outburst has been documented on a ward, it is probable the majority of vulnerable patients and employee on duty may have been exposed to the infested agent, mainly if vomiting is an extensive symptom. †¢ Gowns, gloves and masks should be worn every time contact with a diseased patient or polluted atmosphere is expected. †¢ Affected areas or floors should be sealed to new admittances and companions to avoid the introduction of other vulnerable individuals. †¢ Airborne spread may be a noteworthy contributor to the sum of cases since projectile retching could possibly create infectious sprays. Air flows created by open spaces or air conditioning could scatter aerosols extensively. Air streams should be reduced. †¢ Affected areas should persist closed until a 48-hour period has passed with no fresh cases amongst patients or staff. †¢ Non-essential employee should be excluded from pretentious clinical zones. †¢ Reducing the risk of communication from sickness may be problematic. (HPS norovirus outbreak, 2013) The following actions may be valuable and are suggested: †¢ Removal of exposed foodstuffs such as plates of fruit †¢ Rapid washing and fumigation of parts where vomiting has happened with a 0.1% hypochlorite solution (made fresh everyday) †¢ Administration of anti-emetics drugs †¢ Full cleaning routine on all pretentious wards. (Norovirus outbreak prevention toolkit, 2012) Specific Nursing care for patients: Personal care: Patients with Norovirus infestation are very sensitive because this disease is very irritating due to its unbearable symptoms. Nurses should provide such patients great personal care. Nurses must give attention to individual patient for hygiene. Symptomatic treatment is provided to such patients so nurses must provide extra care to patients. Nurses should wear Gowns, gloves and masks all the time and should not move outside of ward frequently to prevent spread of the disease. (Caballero, 2014) Proper hand hygiene: Staff should rinse their hands (or use alcohol-based hand disinfectant) whenever they go in and leave a patient/resident area. Staff may be more directed to achieve hand hygiene at the following intervals: †¢ Particular intermissions (e.g., once per hour) †¢ Upon ingoing to a kitchen †¢ After using the washroom †¢ After shaking hands or other bodily contact with colleagues or visitors †¢ After sneezing †¢ After touching the face of patient †¢ After puffing the nose †¢ After rubbing hands on dress and similar actions †¢ After treating raw foods †¢ After usage of dirty kitchen gears and kitchenware †¢ After sweeping, cleaning, or mopping †¢ After a discontinuity †¢ After eating, smoking, or drinking †¢ Before and afterward using PPE e.g. gloves †¢ Before treating the food, particularly ready-to-eat foods and frost. Though, detailed hand-washing is also significant in keeping gloves or other gears from flattering vehicles for transporting microorganisms to the food. †¢ Preceding to handling or administering any oral medicines †¢ After changing diapers †¢ After handling other possibly polluted objects. (norovirus management toolkit) Extra care: Extra assistance is a need of these patients. Patients of Norovirus are disturbed psychologically due to its irritating symptoms so these patients require extra care and time. Vomits should be cleaned immediately and properly to prevent the airborne spread of this disease. Nurse should be present in ward all the time to provide extra care to these patients. Nurses have very significant role in patient care because they are the only staff in the health care facility that takes care of the medications, hygiene and moods of patients and patients with Norovirus require extra care due to their conditions. Bibliography management of norovirus. (2004, feburary). Retrieved from public health: http://www.publichealthmdc.com/environmental/food/documents/ManagementofNorovirusInfectionOutbreaksinHospitalsandNursingHomes.pdf Norovirus outbreak prevention toolkit. (2012, october). Retrieved from public health country of los angeles: http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/docs/Norovirus/NoroToolkit2012.pdf HAIs. (2013, feburary 25). Retrieved from Centres for disease control and prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/norovirus.html HPS norovirus outbreak. (2013, september). Retrieved from national services scotland: http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/hai/infection-control/toolkits/norovirus-control-measures-2013-09.pdf Ben Lopman, P. G. (2011, december 11). Environmental transmission of norovirus gastroenteritis §. Retrieved from http://uepa.br/portal/downloads/Lopman2012.pdf Caballero, v. (2014, november 15). role nursing in norovirus outbreak. Retrieved from American public health association: https://apha.confex.com/apha/142am/webprogram/Paper298230.html health protection agency. (n.d.). Retrieved from british infection association: http://www.his.org.uk/files/9113/7398/0999/Guidelines_for_the_management_of_norovirus_outbreaks_in_acute_and_community_health_and_social_care_settings.pdf Mcgeary, t. (2012, feburary 3). how to prevent the spread of norovirus. Retrieved from nursing times: www.nursingtimes.net/how-to-prevent-the-spread-of-norovirus/5040972.article norovirus management toolkit. (n.d.). Retrieved from nevada state health division: http://www.health.nv.gov/PDFs/HSPER/NorovirusManagementToolkitResponsePlan_Version1-1.pdf Sears, T. M. (2008, july 8). Gastrointestinal Flu: Norovirus in Health Care and Long-Term Care Facilities. Retrieved from clinical infectious diseases: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/9/1202.long

Native Son, A Critical Review :: essays research papers

Bigger, Crime, and Society In the heated trial that determines whether Bigger Thomas will live or die, his supportive defense attorney exclaims, â€Å"You cannot kill this man, your Honor, for we have made it plain that we do not recognize that he lives!† Living in the Chicago slums as a poor, uneducated young black man whose only confidence can come from acts of violence, Bigger Thomas of Richard Wright’s novel Native Son is destined to meet a poor fate. Anger and hopelessness are a daily reality for him as he realizes that his life has no real meaning. When he accidentally murders a young, rich, white woman, however, his actions begin to have meaning as he accepts the crime as his own, even while he lies to the authorities. Bigger is, of course, taken down by a society who takes offense at the remarks of his supporters and seeks to justify itself. Bigger himself is doomed, but his emotions, his actions, and his motivations all help to give the reader a window into the mind of a criminal and a r epressed inner city African American. Fear, flight, fate. These are the three simple and meaningful words chosen by Wright to mark Bigger’s sad existence. Growing up angry at the white world, he is forced into working as a chauffeur for a rich white family, the Daltons, to support his struggling family. He is frightened and angered by the attempts of Mary Dalton and her Communist friend Jan to be friendly to him and interprets their actions as condescending. As he tries to stifle a drunken Mary to avoid detection after carrying her upstairs, he accidentally kills her. In a time of panic, he burns the body in the furnace and concocts an elaborate lie imputing the Communist Party. He lies, dodges questions, and even tries to demand ransom, but this can only last for so long before Bigger is named as chief suspect. He brings with him in flight his girlfriend Bessie and later kills her, as she cannot continue with him nor return home. After being caught and brought to trial he is supported by attorney Boris Max who de fends him intensely with his own eloquence and conviction. Bigger discovers that the man, though white, feels genuinely for him, but in the end, as dictated by fate, he is sentenced to death and is granted no clemency by a society refusing to take any responsibility for a member for whom it has failed to care.

Abstinence :: essays research papers

Abstinence: To chose or not to choose?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many teenagers just don’t understand the responsibilities that go along with being sexually active, they don’t even think about them. But maybe they should sit back and think before taking part. People should not be having sex just to have it, but because they are in love. The only time premarital sex may be okay is in the boundaries of a loving, trusting relationship. Other wise you will most likely regret it when you get older.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is so much feeling that goes into being sexually active most teenagers wouldn’t even be able to handle the emotional stress that gets added to the relationship after engaging in intercourse. The person’s self-esteem is at high risk, how will people feel after the relationship ends? It has been prove that â€Å"While many people feel guilty for having sex, or feel hurt and used when a relationship ends after they participated in sex with the other person, abstinence affirms self-esteem.† (Affirming self-esteem 1). But then there are the small numbers of people that actually don’t regret abstinence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are ways to show the partner in a relationship that there is a lot of love for them without engaging in sexual intercourse. Instead of sex something’s that people chose to do are, go for a walk on the beach, give each other a massage, have a snowball fight, or make dinner together. Touching may be okay as long as you don’t exchange body fluids. Sex is only okay within the boundaries of love, and with out love it just isn’t worth it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are so many responsibilities that go along with being sexually active especially when in a relationship. People have to remember that they must remain faithful to the partner; being willing to compromise; standing by the partner, even no matter how difficult it gets which means everyone has to be willing to work things out with one another. The most important is to remember to always no matter what practice safe sex. So many feelings can be hurt if the break up happens after engaging in sex because it is such an intimate experience that people share with the ones they love. (Moe)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many teenagers also think that sex is a way to gain intimacy but â€Å"Genital sex is an expression of intimacy, not the means to intimacy. True intimacy springs from verbal and emotional communion† (Fryling 1).

Tribunals of Inquiry in Northern Ireland :: essays research papers

Introduction Many countries have faced situations in which their citizens demand accountability for injustices or atrocities committed by their own domestic governments, which are in violation of their human rights. The manner in which varying nations have provided for and acknowledged these facts, on their various public platforms, have been both controversial and diverse. These problems tend not to fade into obscurity if left unaddressed. History has dictated that struggle for truth has been adopted by subsequent generations, who demand responsibility from their own government in power as, in many cases, the events will have occurred at the hands of a preceding government. The passing of time has illustrated that the quest for truth does not dissipate but can cause emotions to escalate and heighten the resolve of the aggrieved parties. Commentators suggest that establishing truth about the past is a precondition for preventing the recurrence of abuses in the future. This paper submits, in extension to this theory, that it is an essential ingredient in the desired passage towards restoration in public confidence and synonymous to the concept of justice in this modern legal world. The focus of this question is specifically the model of Tribunal of Inquiry which is governed by Section 1 of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921 , which is the legislation used to handle inquiries involving an official element, and truth commissions, the alternative model that has been internationally adopted, largely as a result of military agitation or liberation coups. This paper will also touch upon inquiries hosted in other countries. Public inquiries themselves are rare and, this paper suggests, much resisted events, indeed Northern Ireland has borne witness to just three such inquiries under the aforementioned Act. These were the Scarman Inquiry in 1969, followed by the Widgery Inquiry in 1972, , the unsatisfactory outcome of which gave rise to the Saville Inquiry in 1998. Countries such as South Africa, Sierra Leone and Argentina, among others, have had their human rights redress distinctively characterized by the construction of truth commissions . Whether this type mechanism would be more conducive to the pursuit of truth, in matters of vast public concern within the context of Northern Ireland, is a matter for this paper to explore. The Character and Necessity of Inquiries Walsh states that an inquiry of this nature can be established under the Act where it is resolved by both Houses of Parliament

De recursos humanos

IntroductionA country de Recursos Humanos e uma country multidisciplinar onde, sua aspiracao maior e a de integrar percepcoes, sonhos vitamin E desejos. Quando nos referimos a integrar, estamos querendo esclarecer ao leigo que a country de Recursos Humanos nao e uma country que treina pessoas, que recruta que avalia que remunera, que contrata, a country de Recursos Humanos vitamin E muito mais que isto. O Treinamento e a educacao profissional que visa adaptar O homem ao trabalho em determinada empresa, preparando-o adequadamente parity o exercicio de um lading podendo ser aplicado a todos os niveis ou setores da empresa. O Desenvolvimento tem a finalidade de aperfeicoar as capacidades e motivacoes make empregados a fim de torna-los futuros membros valiosos district attorney organizacao. As organizacoes tem questionado a eficacia hyrax acoes de treinamento, buscando avaliar o retorno de seus investimentos nessa country. No entanto, o uso do treinamento e uma importante alternativa para a mudanca de atitudes, conhecimentos ou habilidades necessarias ao desempenho adequado do capital humano na empresa. Cabe a country de Recursos Humanos integrarem os desejos vitamin E as crencas Department of State executivos hyrax empresas ( e/ou Department of State donos ) , como tambem os desejos vitamin E vontades dos trabalhadores daquela empresa, parity tornar a empresa mais flexivel, feliz, saudavel vitamin E competitiva. Para tornar a empresa mais flexivel, feliz, saudavel vitamin E competitiva, as organizacoes do terceiro milenio se distinguirao atraves dos Recursos Humanos. E para tal eles deverao estar felizes, comprometidos vitamin E altamente preparados parity as frequentes mudancas que com certeza acontecerao. Umas das grandes countries que recebe a incumbencia de administrar este desafio e a country de Treinamento vitamin E Desenvolvimento. O desenvolvimento Department of State profissionais tornou-se uma premissa mundial parity quem deseja sobreviver & A ; agrave ; acirrada competitividade imposta pelo fenomeno district attorney Globalizacao. Hoje, no mercado, nao existe mais espaco parity organizacoes que ainda teimam mutton quad acreditar que o investimento no capital humano e perda de tempo e de investimento.TREINAMENTOJa faz pacing que a country de Recursos Humanos passou de um simples departamento de pessoal para um agente de transformacoes na organizacao, provocando mudancas e oferecendo sustentacao na pratica das mesmas. A empresa que opta pela vanguarda em gestao de pessoas certamente obtera resultados beneficos a sua SA & A ; uacute ; de organizacional, aumentando a produtividade, garantindo a sobrevivencia do negocio e propiciando satisfacao aos empregados. Para isso, as empresas contam com ferramentas de gestao capazes de fomentar resultados satisfatorios. A Gestao de Pessoas envolve treinamento vitamin E desenvolvimento pessoal, recrutamento vitamin E selecao, remuneracao por competencias e habilidades e sistemas de avaliacao. O treinamento envolve basicamente quatro etapas: a ) diagnostico ; B ) desenho do programa de treinamento ; degree Celsiuss ) aplicacao ou pratica ; e vitamin D ) avaliacao vitamin E acompanhamento.DiagnosticoO diagnostico visa levantar as necessidades ( carencias em termos de preparo profissional ) passadas, presentes ou futuras por intermedio de pesquisas internas, a fim de descrever o problema vitamin E prescrever uma intervencao. Envolve a coleta vitamin E o cruzamento de dados vitamin E informacoes, a definicao de pontos fortes e fracos vitamin E O detalhamento Department of State problemas por meio de uma analise aprofundada, visando identificar as suas lawsuit vitamin E definir acoes para os Pontuss passiveis de melhoria.Desenho do programa de treinamentoRefere-se ao planejamento hyrax acoes de treinamento a partir do diagnostico das necessidades. Este deve estar associado & A ; agrave ; s necessidades estrategicas district attorney organizacao. Envolve identificar O que fazer ( metas ) ; como ( estrategias ) ; e por que fazer ( objetivos ) . O programa de treinamento pode trabalhar com as habilidades reprodutivas ou produtivas. Na habilidade reprodutiva hour angle pouca variedade ou necessidade de mais aprendizagem depois do dominio basico, uma vez que Se constitui numa serie de acoes reprodutivas, que melhoram com O pacing e a pratica. Envolve agilidade, rapidez, precisao, discriminacao perceptiva. Os treinamentos podem ser realizados no proprio lading, quando O objetivo vitamin E ministrar informacao, experiencia vitamin E conhecimento relacionados & A ; agrave ; s atividades, ou em classe, quando utilizam a sala de aula. Existem muitos recursos pedagogicos, didaticos vitamin E instrucionais que podem ser utilizados como apoio ao treinamento. Destacam-se os recursos auditivos vitamin E audiovisuais, que envolvem gravacoes de sound, videoteipe, videocassete vitamin E multimeios ; recursos visuais, como slides, transparencias, fotos, desenhos, quadro de giz, imantografo, impudent chart, album seriado, cartazes ; teleconferencias ; comunicacoes eletronicas: electronic mail ; e tecnologia multimidia. Alem do apoio make recursos pedagogicos, a selecao de estrategias instrucionais vitamin E outro passo importante. Estas podem ser mescladas & A ; agrave ; s tecnicas individuais vitamin E grupais, dependendo district attorney situacao mutton quad questao. Dentre algumas tecnicas, podem ser utilizadas: seminarios, workshops, tecnicas de simulacao, estudo de caso, jogos, blare & A ; acirc ; micas de grupos e aulas expositivas. Seminarios: preparacao previa de um topico parity discussao, sendo que o instrutor vitamin E o responsavel por organizar as discussoes, levando O grupo a formular algumas conclusoes. Workshop: o instrutor apresenta informacoes e o grupo aplica as informacoes a uma situacao existent, sob a supervisao bash instrutor, aplicando-se ao desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas, psicomotoras e afetivas. Tecnicas de Simulacao: O comportamento a ser exibido apos a aprendizagem deve ser praticado adequadamente Durante o processo de instrucao por meio de atividades praticas. A simulacao pode ser de dominio cognitivo, quando envolve a tarefa de solucao de problemas de planejamento de estrategias ou de tomada de decisoes ; de dominio psicomotor, que apresenta como vantagens a eliminacao Department of State perigos do treinamento em servico. Estudo de caso: vitamin E uma forma de simulacao voltada para o fornecimento de oportunidades de participacao no mesmo tipo de processo decisorio que O trabalho futuro exigira. Os dados podem ser extraidos de casos reais, inventados ou adaptados. Existem aqui Department of the Interior Pontus importantes a ser considerados: a ) evitar pensar numa & A ; uacute ; nica solucao ideal, pois & A ; agrave ; s vezes nao existe solucao ideal, apenas aspectos positivos vitamin E negativos de cada solucao possivel ; B ) analisar as decisoes e o processo que foi seguido para toma-las. Jogos: simula a realidade vitamin E envolve a competicao entre individuos, a fim de aumentar o interesse e a motivacao entre os participantes. Din & A ; acirc ; micas de grupo: utilizam a interacao entre os membros dos grupos como chief meio de ensino. Envolve tecnicas que promovem a solucao criativa de problemas complexos vitamin E tecnicas que estimulam a autoanalise vitamin E o aumento district attorney sensibilidade. Aulas expositivas: o treinador apresenta as informacoes, enquanto os treinados adotam uma postura mais passiva, predominantemente como ouvintes. A vantagem vitamin E que se consegue transmitir uma grande quantidade de informacoes num curto espaco de tempo. A chief desvantagem vitamin E que as aulas podem se tornar cansativas, prejudicando o grau de absorcao dos conte & A ; uacute ; Department of State.Aplicacao ou PraticaA aplicacao ou pratica depende de alguns fatores, tais como: adequacao do programa de treinamento & A ; agrave ; s necessidades da organizacao vitamin E dos treinados ; qualidade do stuff de treinamento apresentado ; cooperacao make gestores e dirigentes da empresa ; motivacao do treinando para aprender ; capacidade de aprendizagem do treinando ; aplicacao pratica e pacing de assimilacao do que foi aprendido ; elaboracao do stuff de treinamento, o qual deve ser significativo, ou seja, os metodos devem ser variados, inovadores e transferiveis para o trabalho.Avaliacao vitamin E AcompanhamentoTrata-se district attorney etapa concluding do processo de treinamento. Avalia-se, aqui, se o treinamento atingiu os objetivos, se atendeu & A ; agrave ; s necessidades da organizacao vitamin E hyraxs pessoas envolvidas, se houve retorno do investimento, Se as pessoas envolvidas se comprometeram vitamin E estao aplicando O aprendizado, se a produtividade aumentou vitamin E se o clima organizacional melhorou. A avaliacao pode ser feita de diversas formas: Avaliacao de reacoes: grau de percepcao do treinando em relacao ao conte & A ; uacute ; make make treinamento, metodologia adotada, atuacao do instrutor, carga horaria, material instrucional, aplicabilidade etc. Avaliacao de aprendizagem: novos conhecimentos ( testes objetivos ou com questoes abertas ) , aprimoramento de habilidades ( provas praticas ) vitamin E desenvolvimento de atitudes ( tecnicas de observacao direta, dramatizacao, escalas de atitudes e car relatorios ) . Avaliacao do comportamento no lading: amostragem de atividades: registro district attorney observacao do comportamento make treinando no trabalho ; diario de observador: o observador faz anotacoes sobre o treinando ; Auto diario: O formulario vitamin E preenchido pelo proprio treinando, sem a presenca do observador. Entrevistas e questionarios: sao feitas perguntas aos treinados referentes ao seu comportamento ou a seus superiores. Avaliacao do resultado: busca verificar mutton quad que grau O treinamento provocou as mudancas pretendidas pela organizacao. A avaliacao pode ser realizada mutton quad um prazo de 45 Diass apos a execucao do treinamento. A criacao de um clima interno favoravel ao treinamento, propiciando oportunidades para colocar mutton quad pratica O que Se aprendeu, e o comprometimento district attorney alta administracao sao fundamentais parity O sucesso do treinamento.DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PESSOASFocada na identificacao das blanks e definicao de acoes que permitam melhorar a capacitacao vitamin E o desempenho hyrax pessoas. Inclui processos de desenvolvimento como: Modelo de Competencia, Assessment, Coaching, Gestao de Desempenho, Planejamento de Carreira vitamin E Sucessao. Alem disso, inclui Programas de Educacao Corporativa voltados parity capacitacao Department of State profissionais. O desenvolvimento de pessoas tem Department of the Interior modos, Desenvolvimento de processos, e de Educacao Corporativa. Desenvolvimento de Processos visa os modelos de competencia que vitamin E uma ferramenta que parity as empresas ajudam muito, pois possibilita O alinhamento district attorney gestao Department of State recursos humanos cabal com a estrategia de negocios. Mostra claramente O que deve ser feita parity o alcance de patamares superiores de desempenho. Integram os processos de planejamento, avaliacao, selecao, desenvolvimento, remuneracao vitamin E district attorney carreira de seus funcionarios. Gestao de desempenho visa claramente o planejamento de avaliar o desempenho de forma criteriosa, juntamente com o processo de decisoes em relacao de treinamento e desenvolvimento, compensacao, promocoes, transferencias ou Ate mesmo desligamentos dentro district attorney organizacao, e atualizando o painel de funcionarios com recrutamento vitamin E selecao. Carreiras vitamin E Sucessoes e um sistema que visa complementar vitamin E ampliar a contribuicao Department of State funcionarios e conseguir capacitar cada vez mais pessoas e reter talentos dentro district attorney propria organizacao, e orienta a formacao Delaware lideres, focando uma estrategia de mercado a medio vitamin E longo prazo. Gestao district attorney relacao com O cliente Um processo que visa alavancar os resultados, superar as expectativas Department of State clientes e que possa contribuir com sua fidelidade. [ Fazem pesquisas de satisfacao do cliente, planejando estrategias competitivas na empresa parity forcar um perfil ideal focando mutton quad sua mudanca comportamental, alem de integrar o sistema de gestao ] ao de desempenho. Desenvolvimento de competencias: Um dos recursos que as empresas podem fazer parity desenvolver competencias sao os spreads, que identifica & A ; agrave ; s competencias requeridas. Ajuda no investimento de treinamentos e desenvolvimentos e orienta O autodesenvolvimento, visando & A ; agrave ; geracao de resultados superiores e uma sustentacao ao longo pacing. Desenvolvimento de Educacao Corporativa Uma das ferramentas que as organizacoes usam sao os Workshop, que vitamin E uma ferramenta que visa preparar seus gestores para o uso do instrumental disponivel de gestao de desempenho sob uma perspectiva estrategica, orientada parity resultados vitamin E parity desenvolvimento single, os participantes irao aprender a redigir objetivos mensuraveis, contratar, acompanhar desempenho vitamin E dar opiniao, comprometendo subordinados com O seu autodesenvolvimento. Desenvolvimento de equipes e muito importante dentro da organizacao parity que os gestores e os profissionais intendam a import & A ; acirc ; ncia de uma equipe eficaz, assim percebendo as distracoes e dispersoes que ocorrem em grupos de trabalho. Identificando as diferencas caracteristicas de contribuicao e os compromissos de continuidade e de motivacao das equipes, e como podemos fazer isso parity que isso se transforme mutton quad um Plano de acao podendo participar de processos de criacao etc. Ajudar aqueles funcionarios que tenha mais dificuldade de comunicacao e influencia, o gestor ao conhecer as caracteristicas de cada pessoa, e mais facil de conseguir a clareza, objetividade e ideias de cada funcionario, assim resultando mutton quad colocacoes mais oportunas que asseguram fluidez nos processos de comunicacao interpessoal. Um Department of State processos de treinamento e desenvolvimento que as empresas estao cada vez utilizando vitamin E processo de Universidade Corporativa.UNIVERSIDADE CORPORATIVAâ€Å" A Universidade â€Å" Corporativa preocupa-se nao somente com O fator â€Å" qualificar † vitamin E † capacitar † , mas tambem com a apresentacao de uma maneira totalmente inovada de pensar e trabalhar, parity que todos os colaboradores das organizacoes possam desempenhar papeis muito mais amplos no ambiente de trabalho.ObjetivoDesenvolvimento vitamin E Progresso de meios de alavancar novas oportunidadesIngressar em novos mercados globais.Designar relacionamentos mais profundos com os clientes.Incentivar a organizacao parity um novo futuro.FuncaoOrganizar as pessoas parity um novo contexto organizacional, caracterizado por mudancas constantes e alta competitividade que vem se destacando nestes tempos atuais.Import & A ; acirc ; nciaO aperfeicoamento e a expansao do direcionamento para os valores e a cultura desejados hyrax organizacoes.A concepcao de talentos, completando com que a empresa torne-se uma rede de exportacao de talentos, enquanto os demais serao importadores de talento. A vantagem esta no fato de que sendo um gerador de talentos a empresa ficara sempre & A ; agrave ; frente daqueles que os importam.Aumento do heroism district attorney organizacao parity os seus clientes e seus acionistas pela ascensao na capacidade das pessoas.Desenvolvimento nas pessoas na capacidade de aprender a aprender.Negociar a capacidade de trabalho em equipe e o mais importante, de liderar.O crescimento district attorney aptidao de autogerenciamento das pessoas, promovendo por meio district attorney Universidade Corporativa o alinhamento dos objetivos pessoais vitamin E com os objetivos district attorney empresa.CaracteristicasSao pro-ativas, com suas acoes completamente voltadas ao ambiente de negocio de cada organizacao.Atuam no desenvolvimento de competencias essenci ais.Sao inovadoras nas formas de entrega do conhecimento.Tem como premissa a disseminacao do conhecimento â€Å" em qualquer momento, em qualquer lugar † .Atuam no desenvolvimento e no gerenciamento de ferramentas que propiciem de forma intensa a captacao do conhecimento presente na organizacao ( atraves de seus profissionais, clientes, fornecedores e comunidade ) vitamin E sua adequada disseminacao parity facil utilizacao, sempre que necessario.Tem P & A ; uacute ; blico-alvo amplo, nao se restringindo ao P & A ; uacute ; blico interno, mas entendendo que o conhecimento vitamin E desenvolvido vitamin E utilizado por toda a rede de profissionais que envolvem cada organizacao.Procuram acompanhar a utilizacao pratica do conhecimento, ou seja, a transformacao do conhecimento em vantagem competitiva, gerando capital intelectual parity as organizacoes.Desafios vitamin E DificuldadesA alteracao district attorney mentalidade district attorney cultura das pessoas.O estudo com os prof issionais que possuem experiencia mutton quad UC ( universidade coorporativa )Verificacao do programa make beneficios.O comprometimento de Toda as gerencias de primeiro nivel district attorney empresa.A definicao vitamin E O desenvolvimento do modelo de gestao que sera utilizado nessa iniciativa.A procura de desenvolvimento das parcerias.Avaliacao Department of State resultados.Periodo de criacao de novos produtos.Os Plano de Marketing vitamin E de Comunicacao parity alavancar a imagem district attorney empresa.O exercicio vitamin E treinamento district attorney equipe de facilitadores.Ausencia district attorney compreensao do que venha a ser a Universidade Corporativa.BeneficiosA Universidade Coorporativa permite O envolvimento entire das pessoas que compoem as organizacoes nas empresas no & A ; acirc ; mbito interno vitamin E externo, possibilitando O conhecimento district attorney organizacao, cultura, tradicoes, projeto, qualidade, resultando num envolvimento muito maior com O n egocio vitamin E os objetivos.A IMPORTANCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE CORPORATIVA NO CENARIO ATUAL.Em ambiente de negocios marcado pela constante necessidade de inovacao, agilidade, flexibilidade, competitividade, diferenciacao frente a concorrentes, em que O conhecimento necessario aos profissionais muda cada vez mais rapido, em que a pratica de uma gestao competitiva vitamin E cardinal, faz-se necessario desenvolver ferramentas de geracao, disseminacao, aplicacao vitamin E comprovacao do conhecimento cada vez mais focado no â€Å" negocio e estrategia † de cada organizacao. As countries de treinamento enfrentam dificuldades para atender essa demanda, por configurarem suas acoes de maneira reativa, voltadas ao P & A ; uacute ; blico interno vitamin E ao desenvolvimento de habilidades e pouco inovadoras com relacao & A ; agrave ; s formas de disseminacao e gerenciamento do conhecimento. Frente a essa demanda foram surgindo, mais intensivamente nos & A ; uacute ; ltimos Fatah Revolutionary Councils, as universidades corporativas. Um conceito ainda recente no Brasil, essas universidades instaladas ( fisica ou virtualmente ) sodium organizacoes apresentam algumas caracteristicas especificas parity atender as necessidades citadas, que as diferenciam de countries de treinamento vitamin E desenvolvimento ( T & A ; D ) : sao proativas, com suas acoes que tem a finalidade parity melhorar O ambiente dos negocios de uma organizacao ; atuam no desenvolvimento de competencias essenciais, sao maneiras de inovar a entrega do conhecimento ; tem como a sua chief vantagem O aumento do conhecimento diversos momentos ; que participam na capacitacao make desenvolvimento e gerenciamento hyraxs diversas ferramentas que propiciem de forma intensa O aprendizado do conhecimento presente na organizacao vitamin E com a correta maneira de disseminar parity facil utilizacao ; tem p & amp ; uacute ; blico dirigido, nao se limitando ao P & A ; uacute ; blico interno, mas proporcionando que O conhecimento seja desenvolvido vitamin E utiliz ado pela totalidade district attorney rede de profissionais que envolvem cada organizacao ; e, finalmente, buscam seguir a utilizacao district attorney pratica do conhecimento, ou seja, a mudanca do conhecimento em vantagem competitiva, gerando capital intelectual parity as organizacoes. Alem disso, as universidades corporativas, por contarem com um P & A ; uacute ; blico mais amplo vitamin E com acoes mais bem dimensionadas, representam nao um centro de custo parity a organizacao, mas sim uma reducao de custos nos programas de educacao continuada, um entendimento de que devem ser autossustentaveis, e uma visao, ja presente em algumas organizacoes, de que devem ser um centro de lucro. Essas universidades nao visam a substituir ou disputar espaco com as universidades tradicionais. Pelo contrario, elas sao complementares na medida mutton quad que a universidade tradicional fornece toda a formacao conceitual vitamin E metodologica aos profissionais, enquanto a corporativa oportuniza formacao focada no ambiente de negocios, desenvolvendo, pelo mapeamento de â€Å" trilhas de capacitacao † , o aprimoramento nas competencias essenciais ou criticas de cada organizacao. Sao fortes as possibilidades e os casos de sucesso de aliancas estabelecidas entre as universidades corporativas vitamin E as universidades tradicionais, visando & A ; agrave ; formacao district attorney rede de trabalho district attorney organizacao ou levando isso & A ; agrave ; comunidade, capacitando vitamin E aumentando a empregabilidade de profissionais. Alem disso, as universidades corporativas tem um papel muito forte no desenvolvimento vitamin E disseminacao district attorney cultura de cada organizacao, sendo focado mutton quad resultados corporativos, presente em todas as countries e alcancando todos os profissionais envolvidos em cada processo. Sao grandes os desafios na criacao de uma universidade corporativa, mas sao m & A ; uacute ; ltiplos os beneficios, pois, alem de vantagem competitiva, desenvolve fortemente a capacitacao Department of State profissionais, o entendimento make negocio, as formas de comunicacao, a capacidade de aprender e de compartilhar e o desenvolvimento district attorney cultura organizacional, representando uma acao sistemica, voltada & A ; agrave ; s necessidades impostas pela globalizacao vitamin E complexidade do atual ambiente de negocios. Na pratica, a Universidade Corporativa oferece aos colaboradores cursos presenciais vitamin E on-line, workshops, congressos vitamin E seminarios, alem de muitas outras atividades de desenvolvimento. e bom destacar que Toda essa estrutura de educacao corporativa tem como base O mapeamento hyrax competencias que atendem & A ; agrave ; s necessidades da organizacao. E como nao poderia ser diferente, a selecao hyrax acoes educacionais e realizado de forma bem estruturada e dela participam os gestores, os consultores internos de RH, os especialistas internos de educacao e os proprios funcionarios da companhia. Esse trabalho mutton quad conjunto resulta, por exemplo, na elaboracao de Planos de Desenvolvimento de Equipes, que levam mutton quad consideracao as reais oportunidades, necessidades e prioridades de desenvolvimento dentro district attorney empresa. Umas das empresas que demonstra um investimento alto no processo de Universidade Corporativa vitamin E Ambev.AMBEVSer a â€Å" Melhor Empresa de Bebidas do Mundo em um Mundo Melhor † . Esta e a missao district attorney AmBev, empresa de capital aberto, sediada mutton quad Sao Paulo, no Brasil, com operacoes em 14 paises das Americas ( Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, El Salvador, Equador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguai, Peru, Rep & A ; uacute ; blica Dominicana, Uruguai e Venezuela ) . Dona de um portfolio de â€Å" estrelas † como Antarctica, Brahma, Bohemia, Skol, Original, Stella Artois ; o refrigerante Guarana Antarctica, Soda, Pepsi vitamin E Sukita, alem hyrax inovacoes H2OH! vitamin E Guarah! a AmBev vitamin E lider no superior hyrax cervejarias na America Latina. Reconhecida como uma hyrax melhores empresas para Se trabalhar, a AmBev tem em seus 39 mil funcionarios – 23 mil so no Brasil – sua maior fortaleza. Por isso, investem continuamente no desenvolvimento vitamin E sucesso de sua Gente, que vitamin E incentivada a se sentir Dona district attorney companhia vitamin E pensar grande. Pioneira, desenvolve o Programa AmBev de Consumo Responsavel ha sete Fatah Revolutionary Councils, fazendo campanhas de conscientizacao sobre o uso indevido do alcool norteado pelas premissas district attorney Organizacao Mundial da Sa & A ; uacute ; de ( OMS ) . Sua reconhecida excelencia mutton quad gestao gera retorno aos seus acionistas e garante atuacao sustentavel. Em 2008, atingiu volume de vendas de 146,9 milhoes de hectolitros de bebidas e receita liquida de R $ 20,9 bilhoes. No mesmo Fatah Revolutionary Council, destinou R $ 206 milhoes para acoes socioambientais. Entre os principais resultados estao: sete unidades fabris ja operam com geracao de energia por meio de biomassa e reducao de 23 % no consumo de agua nos & A ; uacute ; ltimos seis Fatah Revolutionary Councils. Uma prova de que e possivel aliar crescimento & A ; agrave ; sustentabilidade.Oportunidades de CrescerOportunidades de Crescer A AmBev tem um Plano de gestao de carreiro chamado Ciclo de Gente, cujo objetivo vitamin E avaliar, desenvolver e nortear O crescimento pessoal e profissional district attorney Gente AmBev. Ele rhenium & A ; uacute ; ne ferramentas de avaliacao de competencias de 100 % Department of State profissionais, acompanhamento de desempenho e opiniao. Com avaliacoes make resultados hyraxs metas do ano anterior vitamin E make desempenho make funcionario, e avaliacao 360 & A ; deg ; para as liderancas, sao identificadas blanks para o desenvolvimento de cada um. Anualmente sao realizadas reunioes de alinhamento de cada uma hyraxs countries da Companhia, sempre acompanhadas e orientadas pela country de Gente & A ; Gestao. Sao as chamadas Reunioes de Gente, na qual liderancas vitamin E gestores se rhenium & A ; uacute ; nem para discutir perspectivas de carreira, planos de sucessao, treinamento e desenvolvimento de suas equipes. Depois hyrax avaliacoes e do feedback, funcionario vitamin E gestor tracam um Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual, preparado parity ser executado mutton quad um Fatah Revolutionary Council, com acoes que incluem cursos, treinamentos, benchmarking, entre outras atividades. Para cumprir esse Plano, o funcionario recebe suporte district attorney Companhia vitamin E district attorney Universidade AmBev. Conheca os tipos de suporte oferecidos pela AmBev:Universidade AmBevA Universidade AmBev ( UA ) elabora modulos capazes de formar as pessoas que estao ingressando na Companhia, prepara as que serao promovidas, district attorney suporte aos processos district attorney empresa vitamin E assegura a sustentabilidade do negocio. Suas atividades se estendem a Toda as unidades vitamin E niveis organizacionais, por meio de cursos e treinamentos externos vitamin E in Company. Os cursos sao presenciais ou por meio de ferramentas como e-learning ( UA online ) vitamin E televisao corporativa ( TV AmBev ) , divididos mutton quad cinco eixos tematicos que atendem a Toda as funcoes e niveis hierarquicos. Os funcionarios contam ainda com reembolso de ate 70 % do custo mensal de cursos de graduacao e pos-graduacao, e de 100 % , parity cursos tecnicos.Programa de Capacitacao GerencialPara preparar gerentes para posicoes de primeira linha, e aplicado o Programa de Capacitacao Gerencial ( PCG ) , que tem como diferencial a identificacao Department of State sucessores nas Reunioes de Gente e a antecipacao de seu treinamento. Desta forma, preparamos nossos futuros gestores antes mesmo district attorney demanda existir.Television AmBevPara treinamentos vitamin E divulgacao de assuntos district attorney Companhia, como lancamentos de campanhas e de produtos, ha a Television AmBev, transmitida via satelite, que tem as funcoes de veiculo de comunicacao e de transmissao de conhecimento. Um telejornal tambem vitamin E exibido semanalmente parity todos os P & A ; uacute ; blicos, em todas as unidades.MBA AmBevA Companhia tambem oferece O MBA AmBev, em parceria com o Business School Sao Paulo ( BSP ) , que tem como objetivo dar aos executivos uma visao geral do negocio AmBev, competencias de lideranca, alem de acesso & A ; agrave ; s ferramentas de gerenciamento vitamin E & A ; agrave ; s melhores praticas do mercado.Aprendizado de IdiomasPara a capacitacao vitamin E aprendizado de idiomas, a AmBev oferece bolsas de estudos parciais em cursos presenciais vitamin E via e-learning.7-TREINAMENTO X MOTIVACO -AMBEVDavies ( 1976, p.27 ) diz: â€Å" Administrar um programa de treinamento e um processo extremamente complexo. O ciclo district attorney administracao, contudo, e realmente muito simples e consiste de quatro atividades distintas: planejamento, organizacao, direcao vitamin E controle. Um administrador de treinamento planeja quando decidem quais sao os objetivos de ensino a serem alcancados. A organizacao envolve O arranjo e a alocacao de recursos que tem disponiveis, tanto fisicos como humanos, de modo a melhor realizar os seus objetivos. Dirigir e uma qualidade pessoal, – Revolutionary People's Struggle esta relacionada tanto com a motivacao vitamin E encorajamento como a influencia sobre os alunos parity os quais os objetivos de ensino sao mais faceis de atingidos. Um administrador de treinamento controla, quando ele tomando mutton quad atencao O que criou determina Se, na verdade, a sua organizacao vitamin E atividades de direcao estao realizando os objetivos de ensino aceitos. O & A ; uacute ; nico c riterio parity medir a eficacia de um programa de treinamento e o n & A ; uacute ; mero make objetivos de ensino atingidos com sucesso de modo motivado † . Como exemplo de empresa que adquire O treinamento como ferramenta de trabalho, podemos citar a Ambev, que Irish Republican Army investir R $ 20 milhoes em treinamento vitamin E aprimoramento de seus colaboradores em 2010. vitamin E maior ind & A ; uacute ; stria brasileira de bebidas, a Ambev possui no seu portfolio de produtos cervejas, refrigerantes, isotonicos, chas vitamin E Bufo marinus. Entre as marcas que comercializa destacam-se Brahma, Skol, Antarctica, Bohemia, Guarana Antarctica, Pepsi, Lipton Ice Tea vitamin E Gatorade. No Brasil, a Companhia atende um milhao de pontos-de-venda vitamin E possui 33 fabricas de bebidas. A Companhia, que esta presente em todas as Americas, possui O maior banco genetico de guarana do mundo, localizado na Fazenda Santa Helena, mutton quad Maues ( AM ) . O heroism investido mutton quad treinamento sera de 25 % superior ao investido pela companhia no Fatah Revolutionary Council lunge. A empresa conta com sua Universidade, Ambev, que integra todos os programas de treinamento district attorney companhia, dos funcionarios das fabricas ao presidente. No & amp ; uacute ; ltimo Fatah Revolutionary Council, foram treinadas 31 mil pessoas, somando mais de 39 mil horas de cursos. Desde sua inauguracao, ha 15 Fatah Revolutionary Councils, a Universidade Ambev ja recebeu mais de R $ 150 milhoes de investimento. A empresa recruta vitamin E mantem os melhores talentos. Oferece oportunidades de educacao no Brasil e no outside, alem de treinamentos especificos para cada tipo de funcao. A Companhia entende que capacitar pessoas vitamin E uma contribuicao essencial parity a formacao de cidadaos vitamin E parity O desenvolvimento societal do pais. A Companhia oferece O programa Universidade Ambev, que promove O aperfeicoamento de seus funcionarios e distribuidores por meio de treinamentos presenciais e ferramentas como e-learning vitamin E televisao corporativa. Seus funcionarios tambem contam com reembolso built-in parity custear cursos tecnicos vitamin E parciais parity cursos de graduacao e pos-graduacao. A empresa tambem investe vitamin E prepara os futuros gestores da Companhia atraves do Programa de Capacitacao Gerencial. Gerentes e outros executivos participam de programas de treinamento tecnico e gerencial sodiums principais universidades do Brasil, dos Estados Unidos vitamin E district attorney Europa. A Ambev vitamin E uma ferramenta de comunicacao, capaz de interligar as operacoes de norte a sul do Pais e atingir cerca de 20 mil pessoas. Sua televisao corporativa existente desde 1998, contava com um canal que epoch utilizado como ferramenta de treinamento para forca de vendas propria e revendedores da Companhia. A Television Ambev vitamin E uma iniciativa district attorney Comunicacao Interna Corporativa district attorney empresa, que tem como missao motivar os funcionarios com seu treinamento vitamin E fazer com que eles tenham orgulho district attorney Companhia. A empresa tem como planejamento um alto investimento no treinamento de seus funcionarios, neste Fatah Revolutionary Council de 2010. Serao investido 20 milhoes de reais no aprendizado e na busca district attorney capacitacao do pessoal, dos funcionarios das fabricas ao presidente – 25 % a mais do que o investimento mutton quad 2009. Na empresa, o aperfeicoamento Department of State colaboradores e um assunto muito importante. Um dos Pontus focados esse Fatah Revolutionary Council nos cursos de treinamento e desenvolvimento district attorney lideranca vitamin E district attorney equipe de engenharia e o treinamento district attorney competencia analitica. Isso por que a Ambev quer melhorar vitamin E aumentar o percentual de acerto nos projetos realizados. Um gesto de que a Ambev esta obcecadapela eficiencia operacional vitamin E pelo desempenhofinanceiro, foi O entendimento que as pessoas trabalham por algo maior do que uma gratificacao excess mutton quad dinheiro. e isso que as mantem e aumentam a motivacao vitamin E o desempenho ao longo do pacings, independentemente do cenario externo.CONCLUSaOConcluimos que, treinamento refere-se ao conjunto de experiencias de aprendizagem centradas na posicao atual district attorney organizacao. Trata-se, portanto, de um processo educacional de curto prazo e que envolve todas as acoes que visam deliberadamente ampliar a capacidade hyrax pessoas parity desempenhar melhor as atividades relacionadas ao lading que ocupam na empresa. Ja o desenvolvimento vitamin E dito como um conjunto de experiencias e de aprendizagem que nao necessariamente sao relacionadas aos lading que as pessoas ocupam atualmente, mas que proporcionam oportunidades para O crescimento vitamin E desenvolvimento profissional. Difer ente do treinamento que vitamin E orientado parity O presente, o desenvolvimento de pessoas focaliza os cargos a serem ocupados futuramente na organizacao e os conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes que serao requeridas por seus ocupantes. Desta forma, as acoes voltadas ao desenvolvimento envolvem um compromisso maior com a capacitacao hyrax pessoas. O estudo do conjunto de atividades que visa formar a qualificacao hyrax pessoas nas empresas vitamin E imprescindivel parity reforcar seu diferencial competitivo, em exceptional no longo prazo, permitindo as empresas mais competencia estrategica. Ao tracar O perfil de acoes comuns. Determinada categoria organizacional busca-se melhor compreensao hyrax praticas aceitas bem como as deficiencias ou Pontus de melhoria, permitindo redirecionamentos. O controle vitamin E medicoes de resultado de treinamento ainda sao basicos na maioria. Nota-se a necessidade de mais atuacao estrategica e voltada parity as competencias centrais hyrax empresas. Cabe entao um alerta & A ; agrave ; busca por formacao estrategica em todos os niveis, desde as funcoes operacionais & A ; agrave ; s gerenciais, deve & amp ; agrave ; empresa reforcar comportamentos inerentes a sua postura competitiva, valores e creeds que pertencem & A ; agrave ; cultura organizacional. Desde que O homem compreendeu que poderia racionalizar O trabalho Department of State funcionarios, tornando eficiente seu desempenho, teorias presentes nas escolas classicas e cientificas district attorney administracao, a atividade de treinamento comecou ter mais atencao. Porem, mesmo com Toda evolucao percebida desde Thai praticas, as acoes realizadas pela maioria das empresas ainda tem loud carater de melhoria district attorney produtividade. Acreditamos que uma hyrax grandes preocupacoes que as organizacoes enfrentam e o de como manter os â€Å" talentos humanos † , uma vez que eles atingem um alto grau de empregabilidade, por meio da elevacao da capacitacao vitamin E district attorney public presentation profissional. A empresa apresentara funcionarios capacitados, deixando-os mais adequados & A ; agrave ; realidade do mercado. Assim, o aumento district attorney pressao pela procura Department of State profissionais altamente capacitados aumenta, obrigando, necessariamente, que Toda as empresas elevem seu grau de empregabilidade, ou seja, retendo seus talentos. Podemos desta forma, entender que tanto as necessidades atuais como as futuras district attorney organizacao devem ser foco do planejamento de Treinamento vitamin E Desenvolvimento, vitamin E principalmente o exemplo de Ambev, o investimento mutton quad Universidade Corporativa uma vez que O contexto organizacional, e o mercado exigem uma postura eficaz na apresentacao de qualificacao das pessoas para este cenario. Desta forma, cabe & A ; agrave ; s empresas, liderancas earea de Treinamento vitamin E Desenvolvimento facilitaremparaque a empresas vitamin E colaboradores saia beneficiados, o aprendizado eo maior tesouro que podemos adquirir.REFEReNCIAS BIBLIOGRaFICASChiavenato, Idalberto. Administracao de Recursos Humanos 7 & A ; deg ; edicaoChiavenato, Idalberto. Treinamento e Desenvolvimento 7 & A ; deg ; edicao.Chiavenato, Idalberto. Gestao de Pessoas 3 & A ; deg ; edicao.III Wagner A. John, HollenBeck John. Comportamento Organizacional-Criando Vantagem Competitiva.Anuario district attorney Universidade Ambev 2009 – Ambev.Site. www.ambev.com.brSite. www.rh.com.br