The Short-term Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis between the US

The event of the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war. Fifteen years into the cold war, the devil superpowers act the fierce competition to increase their military strength. In 1962, the Soviet Union was desperately behind the United States in the nuclear arms race. Soviet missiles were lonesome(prenominal) powerful enough to be launched against Europe, whereas the US missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. In late April 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev conceived the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba which would forficate the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide a real deterrent to a potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union. The fate of millions literally hinged upon the ability of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev, to reach a compromise. The sources I fox researched strongly agree that it was President Kennedy who was very determined to prevent the world from some other war. They also show that the crisis was not just a conflict about missiles it was a conflict of contradictory philosophies, ideologies and power.John F. Kennedy, the newly chosen American president, and the Soviet premier met in Vienna to discuss the east-west confrontation, in particular, the situation in Berlin over the Berlin Wall. They resolved nothing, and Khrushchev left the June 1961 summit thinking Kennedy was a weak president. This could have been the point where Khrushchev thought he could overcome Kennedy and, therefore, make his pathway towards gaining the world power. His first major task was, therefore, to bond with Fidel Castro.Cuban President Fidel Castro was looking for a way to defend his nation from an attack by the U.S. Eve... ... like the ones based in Cuba. Find in Primary Sources4.Tompson 1995, p. 248.5.political Cartoon. 1962. Google Images. This is a cartoon showing the struggle between Kennedy and Khrushchev. Find in Primary sou rces6.The Washington Post article Soviets Knew Date of Cuba Attack. Find in Primary Sources7.Letter Khrushchev to Kennedy, 26 October 1962. Find in Primary Sources8.Letter Khrushchev to Kennedy, 28 October 1962. Find in Primary Sources9.Letter Kennedy to Khrushchev, 27 October 1962. Find in Primary Sources1.Tompson, William J. (1995), Khrushchev A Political Life, St. Martins Press, ISBN 0-312-12365-52.Kellner, Douglas (1989). Ernesto Che Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present). Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 112. ISBN 1555468357.3.http//history.utah.gov/historical_society/history_fair/documents/2008CubanMissilepaper.pdf

Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart :: essays research papers

Trembles with hate, unable to utter a word... in a flash Okonkwo drew his machete. The messenger crouched to avert the blow. It was useless. Okonkwos machete descended twice and the mans head lay beside his uniformed body. (204) This is a graphic illustration of Okonkwo?s desperate last attempt to reassert his manhood and to open a statement to the tribe. Regrettably for Okonkwo though it was a failure, and Okonkwo knew that the tribe would never stand up and fight, like he wanted them to. This incident is directly tie in to Okonkwo?s obsession with not looking weak like his father.Some people readiness say that Okonkwo was just trying to protect the tradition and heathen of his tribal village simply in actuality this is far from the truth. When Okonkwo cut d sustain the guard, he made the swift assumption that his clansmen were as passionate about fighting colonialism as him and would follow him into war. When he found otherwise, he could not understand what had happened to h is village. The next place he was seen was hanging from a noose in a selfish show of hypocrisy. In the end, Okonkwos status among his tribe counted for nothing because his own despair over the colonization of his village led him to kill himself. His whole vitality Okonkwo strived to not to look weak like his father, but in the end he took the cowards way out, suicide. Suicide was a great sin against the Earth. Because he took his own life, Okonkwo, a great leader of Umuofia, had to be buried by strangers. All of his work and perseverance amounted to nothing because of what he had done.Another claim that people might make is that he is justified because he was just finishing what the white people had started by imprisoning him and his fellow villagers. This may be true, but is revenge a very good justification for murder suicide? Though the corrupt court messengers were in the wrong for what they had done, Okonkwo had no right to do what he did either. Okonkwo failed to put one ove r that two wrongs don?t equal a right, he thought that he could solve every thing with brute violence and war but he paid for his mistake with his life.Okonkwo made a fatal mistake by being so quick to war and to diplomacy. Okonkwo?s life committee was to be every thing his father wasn?

Essay --

Many students remember that a historians job is only to understand the past likewise they believe that a human scientists job is solely to change the future. However, as a knower, I now comprehend that there is much much to these jobs than meets the eyes. I believe that these job definitions only describe the mere superficial part of the job, that there is a lot to a greater extent to being a historian or a human scientist then just one simple t film. However with these job definitions, that society has given, ar many complex questions on how we stack up knowledge on certain issues, these questions are known as knowledge issues. Some of the knowledge issues included in the job definitions are Could history be seen as a cycle? To what extent can a historian understand the past? Do human scientists invent new ideas and theories or do they reinforce past paradigms? In what ways do the human sciences contri hardlye to the future? In order to answer these questions I have decided to learn historians and human scientists in terms of how they engage the past and the future. There are many people who claim they have the true history these types of people are known as historians. In this case my definition of historian is an expert in the study of history, especially in that of a particular period, region, or sociable phenomenon. There are many different kinds of historians ranging from economics to environmental, and even to, urban. However in history, which we want to focus on, we have orthodox, revisionist, post-revisionist and many more. One may ask himself why there are so many different historians if there was but only ONE true accurate history. This is because history is full of gaps which the historians filtrate to fill with their ow... ...ut does not give an explanation. On the other hand I define law as a concept that shows the direction of movement of a variable and gives a reliable explanation for the movement. Additionally human scientist may confu se a correlation with a casual connection. The transcendentalist poet Wystan Hugh Auden once said, There is more than meets the eye. These idea of concepts being more complex then they seem surround the jobs of historians and human scientists. The historian doesnt simply understand the past for knowledge but also for the benefit that comes from it, such as to better understand the present and supply guidance for the future In history lie all the secrets of diplomacy. Likewise, human scientist attempt to explain and understand trends of human behavior however, this is only achieved by examining the past the gain a comprehension on the subject.

Essay --

Federalist and Antifederalist By and large, constitution is the system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and limits of a government or another institution. In piece of musicicular for United States, constitution is the fundamental law of the United States, framed in 1787, ratified in 1789, and variously amended since then. As a matter of fact, its the symbol of healthy environment that gives all opportunities to one and all to speak against or in favor of any categorization of constitutional amendment. Proudly speaking, its the meritorious political culture of United States that encourages all American to indulge himself or herself in any sort of contestation and discussion pertaining to Constitution of United States. Presence of both Federalist and Antifederalist, in my opinion, is itself blessing for the nation which enables to adopt any constitutional amendment unanimously after a yen discussion between both sides. That process simply fa cilitates the governmental course of action that at length smoothes the progress of the country devoid of any kick upstairs interruption. The Treaty of New York with the Creeks (Document A) is another example of the government passing laws without the consent of the people. People did not feel that this treaty was just, because ceasing their alliance with France, who helped them in the war, and starting a friendship with the Native Americans who fought against them in the war, was not a smart thing to do (Document C). This treaty, as well as the Whiskey Rebellion, is examples of the Federalist government being selfish, and staget their protest personal beliefs over those of the people. The men who ran the government were not kings they were representatives and the fact that they ... ...ould Wills destroy his own straw man. (A Necessary Distortion) Being a part of this nation, the effects of prolonged heated debate between federalists and antifederalists on me are something th at can not be avoided. Instead of describing how this thing affects me I would rather put in plain words by citing famous quotation of Pulitzer Prize winning Garry Wills who once said The real victims of Constitutional arguments are the millions of poor or shelter-less or medically indigent who have been told, over the years, that they must lack care or life support in the name of their very own freedom. References DBQ Federalist vs. Antifederalist By Beast, July 22, 2003, http//www.chuckiii.com/Reports/American_History/DBQ_Federalist_vs_Antifederalist.shtml A Necessary Distortion by Wendy McElroy Posted January 11, 2000 http//www.mises.org/fullstory.asp?control=365

Asperger?s Syndrome and Instructional Intervention Essay -- essays res

Aspergers Syndrome and Instructional InterventionAspergers Syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disability first identified in 1944 by Dr. Hans Asperger, an Austrian pediatrician. However, since his paper was written in German and published during World War II, his findings were not well known in the United States and in other(a) non-German speaking countries. In 1981, Dr. Lorna Wing, a British researcher, brought AS to the attention of the English-speaking world. In addition to summarizing Aspergers findings, she also pointed out the similarities between AS and autism, acme the question Are they the same disorder or two separate ones (Ozonoff, Dawson, & McPartland, 2002)? It was not until 1994 that the American Psychiatric Association involved AS as a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV Myles, 2002).Although some debate exists among researchers, AS is considered part of the autism spectrum (Attwood, 1998). Autism is generally defined as having an impairment of both normal social interactions and communication (Out of the Deep Freeze, 2003). However, individuals with AS are often highly verbal (Gottlieb, 2003). Even though labeled high-functioning autism, AS may cause the greatest disability in adolescence and young adults when it comes to developing social relationships. People with AS desire social interactions, however they lack the countenance social skills (Barnhill, 2002) and, in turn, have trouble interacting with people (Travis, 2003). They do not have the ability to read social cues and will often display socially and emotionally inappropriate behaviors lack of empathy, one-sided interactions, pedantic and repetitive speech, and intense absorption in certain subjects (Attwood, 1998). Non-verbal communications skills are also impaired. These may include limited use of gestures, clumsy body language, limited facial gestures, inappropriate expression, and peculiar, stiff gaze ( Attwood, 1998). Additional characteristics of AS include literal thinking, wretched problem-solving skills, poor organizational skills, and difficulty in discriminating between relevant and irrelevant stimuli (Myles & Simpson, 2002).Identifying an individual with AS usually does not occur until after the preschool years. The symptoms are not generally recognized ... ....nasponline.org/publications/cq313asperger_ss.htmlGottlieb, S. (2003). US study shows 10-fold increase in autism over the past 20 years. BritishMedical Journal, 326, 71.Myles, B. S. (2002). Introduction to the special issue on asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism &Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 130-131.Myles, B. S., & Simpson, R. L. (2002). Asperger syndrome An overview of characteristics.Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 132-137.Out of the deep freeze. (2003). The Economist, 336, 71.Ozonoff, S., Dawson, G., & McPartland, J. (2002). A Parents Guide to Asperger Syndrome & gamy Functio ning Autism. New York Guilford Press.Safran, S. P., Safran, J. S., & Ellis, K. (2003). Intervention ABCs for children with aspergersyndrome. Topics in Language Disorders, 23(2), 154-165.Travis, J. (2003). Autism advance. Science News, 163(14), 212-213.Watkins, C. E. (2000). Aspergers disorder. Retrieve June 12, 2003 from Northern CountyPsychiatric Association Web site http//www.baltimorepsych.com/aspergers.htm

Asperger?s Syndrome and Instructional Intervention Essay -- essays res

Aspergers Syndrome and Instructional InterventionAspergers Syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental harm first identified in 1944 by Dr. Hans Asperger, an Austrian pediatrician. However, since his paper was written in German and published during World War II, his findings were not well cognize in the United States and in other non-German speaking countries. In 1981, Dr. Lorna Wing, a British researcher, brought AS to the attention of the English-speaking world. In addition to summarizing Aspergers findings, she as well pointed out the similarities between AS and autism, raising the question Are they the same disorder or two separate ones (Ozonoff, Dawson, & McPartland, 2002)? It was not until 1994 that the American psychiatric tie beam included AS as a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV Myles, 2002).Although some debate exists among researchers, AS is considered part of the autism spectrum (Attwood, 1998). Au tism is generally defined as having an impairment of both normal kind interactions and communication (Out of the Deep Freeze, 2003). However, individuals with AS are often highly verbal (Gottlieb, 2003). Even though labeled high-functioning autism, AS may cause the greatest disability in adolescence and young adults when it comes to developing social relationships. People with AS desire social interactions, however they lack the appropriate social skills (Barnhill, 2002) and, in turn, have trouble interacting with people (Travis, 2003). They do not have the ability to read social cues and will often display socially and emotionally inappropriate behaviors lack of empathy, one-sided interactions, pedantic and repetitive speech, and intense absorption in certain subjects (Attwood, 1998). Non-verbal communication theory skills are also impaired. These may include limited use of gestures, clumsy body language, limited facial gestures, inappropriate expression, and peculiar, stiff gaz e (Attwood, 1998). Additional characteristics of AS include literal thinking, poor problem-solving skills, poor organizational skills, and difficulty in discriminating between relevant and irrelevant stimuli (Myles & Simpson, 2002).Identifying an individual with AS usually does not occur until after the preschool years. The symptoms are not generally recognized ... ....nasponline.org/publications/cq313asperger_ss.htmlGottlieb, S. (2003). US study shows 10-fold increase in autism over the past 20 years. British health check Journal, 326, 71.Myles, B. S. (2002). Introduction to the special issue on asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism &Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 130-131.Myles, B. S., & Simpson, R. L. (2002). Asperger syndrome An overview of characteristics.Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 132-137.Out of the deep freeze. (2003). The Economist, 336, 71.Ozonoff, S., Dawson, G., & McPartland, J. (2002). A Parents Guide to Asperger Syndrome &High Func tioning Autism. New York Guilford Press.Safran, S. P., Safran, J. S., & Ellis, K. (2003). Intervention ABCs for children with aspergersyndrome. Topics in Language Disorders, 23(2), 154-165.Travis, J. (2003). Autism advance. Science News, 163(14), 212-213.Watkins, C. E. (2000). Aspergers disorder. Retrieve June 12, 2003 from Northern CountyPsychiatric Association Web site http//www.baltimorepsych.com/aspergers.htm

Lessons Principals Must Learn Essay

Gary Hopkins compiled some of the lessons learned by school principals in his article Principals Sh atomic number 18 Lessons Learned Dealing With Student Discipline, Parent Involvement. He has, however, standardised in other of his articles, failed to express his reason as to why write the article. Perhaps, and most probably, it was to share these lessons to other principals. Although some lessons may be self-explanatory, Hopkins has as well failed to question in depth the lessons principals have learned. He had failed to incorporate reason and clarity to his articles.The current article in question may also have a wrong or inaccurate choice of title as some of the lessons discussed doesnt involve sudent discipline and parent involvement. oneness lesson discussed in the article is that principals should tension on discipline among students. The principal who shared this lesson held that big problems hindquarters be solved by tackling small problems (Hopkins 2004). True enough, any small effort can really make a big difference. Perhaps discipline should be enforced by the teachers as well, not just by the principal, and must also involve themselves, not just the students.Teachers and school administrators are also models for the students, and they should act like it. Children will often think right and immitate what they see among their elders. Another lesson discussed is involving the parents in decision-making. It is, after all, for their sons or daughters interests whatever decision is made concerning the school. Involving the parents doesnt necessarily mean asking for their approval or asking them individually. Asking for their opinion on a proper forum or informing them of something that concerns the school which may affect the students is sometimes enough.Read moreMost Important Lesson Learned in Life EssayOther lessons that were discussed in the article takes being cautious in giving lectures to the children and being prepared when discussing issu es with the parents. One principal advised to include classroom observations in a principals activity and to talk with students regarding school goals and ideals. Another advised to instill pride for the school when administering discipline. Lessons that does not blow over under the category Dealing with Student Discipline and Parent Involvement includes lessons learned from keeping harmony and unity within school organization and, as with any other organization, lessons in politics.It is sad that even in educational institutions politics play a critical role in the activity of administration. One principal said that politics, not students, come first (Hopkins 2004). Seems that education is no longer a priority for most of the people. Perhaps one of the most authorised lesson that school admintrators must learn is according to Brian Hazeltine, principal at Airdie Koinonia Christian School in Canada we cannot fix everything as principals, but in every stain there is either a best course of action or a fair and reasonable one (Hopkins 2004).What really is peculiar about these lessons is that they are common, applicable to any organization. The difference is that they came from principals who experience what may be experienced in some other organization, regarding people they deal withteachers, students, and officials higher up. Another is that Hopkins fails to round on the lessons learned, confine it with matters of school administration. The lessons included in the article are dull, lacking in details and essence. Furthermore, some of the lessons are off topic.

Major Educational Challenges Assessment for Kenya Education System Essay

With a total population of over 43 million, Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in the east and commutation Africa. It is well-known for its natural resource and the vast variety of wildlife, which contrisolelye a large proportion to Kenyas GDP in agricultural and service sectors. Its prosperous capital Nairobi is also given the name East African Paris. But behind the misleading impression of affluence left field by a minority of urban population, Kenya is still a miserable developing country with half of the population living in total poverty. tied(p) though with a GINI index of 42. which is only medium, the economic status inequality of Kenyans is relatively blue The rich has a condo with four private cars and twain maids while the poor in shabby clothes are living in slums just two miles away(predicate). The economy of the country also leads to problems in the discipline sector in Kenya. The objectives of this memo is to identify three most important issues that ma y be challenges for Kenyan Government and Kenyan education sector, and come up with potential solutions and strategies to address them. 1, Educational inequality between urban and rural areasTheres been a significant educational inequality between urban and rural Kenya. From the data provided by Exploring Kenyan Education site, School Location Density (2007), most schools distri howeveres around big cities in the southern and southwestern Kenya where the bulk of the population lives in. These cities includes Nairobi the Capital, Nakuru, Kericho, Kisumu, Eldoret, Kakamega, Meru and Mombasa. Since the school density does not show any problems because it follows the demography theory, but the registration rate and the educational investment may discern a part of the story.In big cities like Nairobi, the gross enrollment rate of primary education is as high as 103% and the net enrollment rate is 91% (2009). But as of northeastern and northwestern Kenya the ratio is as low as 35% or ev en 25%. check down though the primary education is free and similar in Kenya, there are still extra costs. One that blocks the way of education for children is the school uniform. Students send away out of schools simply because they dont have school uniform, the situation is even worse in those tribe territories and extreme poor areas. The school uniform costs almost a thousand Ksh that many families cannot afford.Even though there has been official regulation noting that no student ought to be turned away for not having uniform, uniform is such an ineradicable culture in Kenya schools that either schools or parents keep students away from school for not having schools uniforms. Lacking of resources becomes another. Lacking of adapted textbooks and necessary stationaries makes students in rural areas hard to study. Students normally depend on what their teachers can provide to them and most of the time a textbook is shared by two plus students.Even there are articles saying la cking of teachers is another problem, but according to the data by Kenya Open Data, the Pupil-Teacher Ratio in rural areas is not significantly higher than that is in developed area) -Possible solutions Providing free school uniforms targeting economically challenged students (application by student or their parents). Education ministry should also take responsibility to make sure every single student can have the textbooks they need. Unified and organized studying necessities delivery should be arranged at the start of each semester. 2, master(a)-to Secondary BottleneckThe primary education in Kenya is free and an average of over 90% of eligible school-age children are enrolled into primary schools, but the net enrollment rate only ranges from 3%-50%, that means even in the best conditioned area, nearly half of the students quit studying at the age of 15. Tuition Fees remains the largest barrier for going secondary school. Data shows that a primary student cost around 3,000 Ksh (3 2 USD) per household per year (2005), but surges to 25,000 Ksh (270 USD) for secondary education, which accounts for more than half of Annual income per household.Despite regimen subsidies for secondary schools, some national and top provincial schools charge fees as high as 73,600 Ksh for one year. Such excessive education expense may be totally fine for students from privileged families, but for kids from middle class or poor families who fight all the way to those schools, that becomes a disaster. The other factor that creates the bottleneck is the poor education quality in most of the worldly concern primary schools. Primary school students need to reach over 250 points in KCPE (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) to be qualified to continue secondary education.There are better teachers article of faith in private schools and students are receiving elite education. 77 percent of private primary school students (2007) score over 250 compared to only 45 percent among commo n school students. This really reveals the poor teaching quality which fails students in public schools, thus most economic privileged families send their children to private schools. -Possible solutions More political relation subsidies Though the secondary education receives governmental subsidies, more subsidies are needed to help those students with economical difficulties.Document students who need tuition aid and set up foundation targeting those students. Thus the resource can be concentrated to those in need. Further more, more money should be invested for better teachers, better infrastructures in public schools. Strengthen subsidy usage supervision Kenyan Ministry of Education spends more than 10,000Ksh per secondary student annually. This amount of money is controlled by schools instead of directly by the students, and the tuition gets even higher each year.Many secondary schools charges suggested annual tuition standard by MOE for only one semester, and most of them c annot explain the subsidies usage. Having government nominated supervisor sent to schools regularly to make sure the subsidies are in proper use would be a potential solution. Heath problems that fetch to the dropout and poor education quality Health problem has been a huge challenge for students in Kenya and the countrys heath system has been always in a difficult time trying to provide accessible heath care for its population.Poor nutrition, underweight, intestinal worms, malaria, HIV, unexpected early pregnancies, etc. have greatly influenced students academic performance. In some areas such as Naivasha and Thika, own illness/disability becomes the biggest reason for not attending school. The ratio may be as high as over 70% and some time reaches over 90%. Also, early pregnancy is also a main contributor to the high dropout rate among girls. -Possible solution School heath program a school based heath system should be set up to secure students wellness condition.Since families m ay not be able to provide enough food supply especially for those poor families, government should help schools provide at to the lowest degree one meal per day to ensure students nutrition supplement. Also, 3. 6 million children were dewormed in 2009 and continuing implementing deworming program has been proved to be an effective way to step-up attendance. Then schools should also take responsibilities for sex knowledge education which most children could not receive at home.

Gender and Socialization Essay

The main purpose of this paper is to focus on sexual practice socialization. piece beings that belong to dissimilar societies have varied perceptions, opinions, and manners toward socializing with the same or opposite sex. Categorized in the main sex types, staminate and womanly are known to react in different ways when given and exposed in the same situation. Regardless of cultural norms or mores of any beau monde in particular, interaction with peers, family, classmates, and other people depend on the males and females orientation in gender socialization and gender roles.Some concepts attempt to explain the gender issues faced by the two gender types. These attributions of concepts then play an important role in understanding the different societies construct of their existing mechanisms of gender roles and expectations including the societies gender markers as determinants of sex and gender (SparkNotes, 2008). Gender Socialization Gender and socialization are two different harm that have a relationship with each other.Gender refers to the behavioral characteristics of an individual regarding an individuals essence of womanhood or manhood, masculinity or femininity, spot socialization refers to the social and interpersonal instincts of human in interacting, communicating, and dealing with others. A newborn infant for instance, may be oriented towards its gender by its starting line experience of socialization after being born.The infant may be more exposed to male socialization rather than female socialization or vice versa which would later on affect the behavior of the infant while growing up. Another example is the way parents choose what the appropriate toy is to be played by their sons and daughters. Usually, parents buy their baby girl a mini-kitchen or ironing set to orient them (however, it is subconscious for the parents part) with the future maternal role.For the baby boys part, they are usually given toy trucks or tools for various chore s in the house for the same underlying purpose. Moreover, upon receiving the presents, the girls usually react more thankful and smiling than the boys. The essence of gender socialization then, is for the infants to learn the behavior appropriate for their designated sexes (SparkNotes, 2008). ReactionBy the time an infant reaches ten months after the day of birth, gender socialization is already executed through the infants interaction with the environ handst, its family members, and caretakers. This is the time when the infant starts to identify him- or herself in either of the two sexes male or female. Thus, this is also the time for newborn infants to associate the specific gender roles (the attributes and behavior that the culture constructively defines) that are appropriate for their sex and gender.Later in the life of infants, the effects of the previous experience in gender orientation would reflect in their current behavior. Meanwhile, I should say from personal experience that I was mostly given a Barbie doll for Christmas or birthday present. In so doing, I grew up to become a very neat maam who has the taste for fashion and luxury Further, I attribute the idea that I have become a fashionable and finesse lady to my previous chase of playing, dressing and undressing my Barbie doll (SparkNotes, 2008).Conclusion Gender socialization teaches the infants that would grow as adults the appropriate roles defined by culture and behaviors that are expected of them by the society. compliancy to the expectations of the culture and society is important, as every living individual has to interact with others in whatever society he or she belongs to in order to snuff it and attain a sense of belongingness.Family, peer groups, school, mass media, and some texts play a part in honing this cultured set of beliefs regarding the appropriate roles and expected behaviors for men and women. Men who are accustomed to playing tough games in their childhood result to be future tough guys and women are the opposite. Reference SparkNotes. (2008). Gender socialization. In SparkNotes 101 Sociology. Retrieved December 9, 2008 from http//www. sparknotes. com/101/sociology/socialization/gender_socialization. html.

Compare and contrast the ways Essay

Compare and contrast the ways in which language expresses the beliefings of anger and frustration felt, by hamlet and Claudius. Shakespeare uses very strong and powerful language in both of the speeches to express to the audience the strong opinions of anger and guilt felt by juncture and Claudius at this point in the play.The speeches are both commenced with a sorrowful expression, O, I think this demonstrates their pain and grief about what they both feel is their fault. I think Claudius feels he perhaps shouldnt have murdered his brother, but is still trapped inindecisiveness and his thoughts conflict each other, through guiltabout being a murderer, and where he would be and what he would not have if he hadnt taken action to try and lift his place in society. village feels he should have already taken action to avenge his fathers murder, so feels guilty about his inert efforts and decisions. The os are hence followed by degradation, hamlet says What a rogue and peasant slave am I, and Claudius says My offence is rank it smells to heaven. The way in which these lines are standardised that they are both degradations, but they are in different in their nature.Hamlet degrades himself by calling himself the lowest most worthless criminal, whilst Claudius degrades the crime he has committed and says its the worst crime he could have committed. Their feelings of anger and frustration are demonstrated with the use of powerful adjectives in his self condemnations, such(prenominal) as monstrous, horrid and damned. They enable the audience to build vivid mental images of powerful items, which brings the feelings of self hatred experienced by the characters tolife, enable the audience to feel the characters pain and grief.A difference in Shakespeares portrayal of the characters similar feelings, is that the language employ in Hamlets speech explicitly shows his dark feelings, as he forcefully explains his grief and sorrow about the situation, I am pigeon livere d and inadequacy gall to make oppression bitter, Hamlet clearly shows that he feels he is lacking courage and confidence. But in Claudius speech he explains how he feels uncollectible about what he has d integrity, but he doesnt use such dramatic and descriptive language, whilst quietly explaining how he feels. It hath the primal eldest curse upont. I think this explains that Claudius feels angry at what he has done, but I dont think its as harsh as the way Hamlet degrades and insults himself. I think Hamlets speech can be separated into sections, each describing his stages of emotion and the three mental phases he goes through, first he feels guilty about not taking action to avenge his fathers murder, then he feels angry at himself for wasting time feeling guilty instead of making a plan and finally he decides to take action and form a plan.I think this helps to show the levels of Hamlets grief and frustration and puts across to the audience that Hamlets feelings are a complex mixture or reasons and emotions and not just one like Claudius. I think Claudius anger and frustration is about killing his brother and throughout his speech he concentrates the whole speech to this unlike Hamlet who has mixed feelings and goes through different states of mind during his speech.I think on the surface Hamlet and Claudius have different feelings about the murder of the king, but deep inside they share similar emotions. Hamlet describes his fathers murder as a damned defeat, meaning a defeat as an act of destruction, which I think is a powerful way of expressing the anger and grief he feels about it, because he is saying that Claudius hasnt only destroy a part of him, he has irreparably removed part of his life because what has been destroyed cannot be replaced. Similarly in Claudius speech.References Visible cerebrate Hidden links 1. http//www. coursework. info/.

Point of View Essay

His acquire attends these classes to reduce her high blood pressure. He escorts her there every week because she refuses to take the bus alone since integration. His m other is extremely prejudice and Julian was the total opposite. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this tarradiddle is roughly the life of Mrs. Dutta, an old, widowed Indian woman who had moved into her countersigns Ameri deal home two months prior. Mrs. Dutta struggles with not running a house and in the midst is writing a letter to a honest friend back home contemplating weather to be truthful or to be honorable to her family.First I would like to review witch charge up of view is being used two stories. For the first short boloney Everything That Rises Must Converge, the story is being told from a third person point of view. The story has someone who is not every of the characters stating the events that are happening or events that had happened. Also the third person point of view is giving the dialog between an d among characters. In this quote from the story it is evident that it is being told from a third person point of view She said this every time he took her to the reducing class. (Burro instruction) This chronicle fiber is in fact close to the story because it knows how the characters in the story are feeling as well as their individual thoughts. For example It gave him a certain satisfaction to meet injustice in daily operation. (Burro trend) For this specific story the Implied author does not seem to be close to the narrative persona. It is not evident who is actually corpulent the story and its events. The story is not told in past tense which would imply that Julian was the one in fact ranking the story. For Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this is also told form a third person point of view.We can see that the story is not being told by any of the characters, and it shows the emotions and actions of everyone in the story. The narrative persona for this story is more close to Mr s. Dutta then other characters as the story mainly revolves around how Mrs. Dutta is feeling and her actions. The narrative persona shows a glimpse of the other characters emotions while focusing on Mrs. Dutta. Mrs. Dutta, who had never, through forty-two years of marriage, addressed Sagars father by name time-tested not to wince. (Borroway)Both stories are like by the fact that they take away the same type of narrative persona.In other stories such as What You Pawn I Will Redeem this is coming from a first person narrative. The story is being told by the main character and he knows little about the other emotions felt by other characters. For Everything That Rises Must Converge and Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter the distance would seem to be closer as the reader knows each of the characters feelings and their emotions. Secondly, we can review of the types of irony that is being used for each story. Every story has its individual way of conveying a message to its readers.Irony is a way for the story to indicate an intention of that which is happening in the story. In Everything That Rises Must Converge the type of irony that is being used is dramatic irony. In the story we can see that when Julians mother gets hit by the African the Statesn women Julian doesnt think it is a big deal. He repeatedly tells his mother to get up and that is what she deserved. Not knowing in fact that she was unconscious, non responsive, and possibly dead. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this story would also have dramatic irony. In this story the family does not know that Mrs.Dutta is rather unhappy living with her son in America. Mrs. Dutta always tries to hide her true feelings from her family, and is reluctant to tell the truth to her best friend in India, but the reader knows Mrs. Duttas true feelings. Also we can see how the voice affects the plot of each story. Since some(prenominal) Everything That Rises Must Converge and Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter have a similar voice, the p lots in two stories are affected al almost the same way. With the voice being from a third person point of view the reader is able to know the qualities of each character.In Everything That Rises Must Converge knowing both emotions for Julian and his mother, we are able to see both sides of what they are thinking. This helps with knowing the actions that might take place next and also to know why the character responded in such a way. Julians mother is very prejudice, and since the reader is able to know her feeling we can see why Julian acted the way he did when he saw an African American man get on the bus. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter knowing Mrs. Duttas feeling about living with her son we can see why she is reluctant to share that information with her best friend as she thinks it would be un-honorable.We can also see that the feeling is mutual with her sons wife. This explains the harsh attitude against Mrs. Dutta and Mrs. Duttas need to hide things from the family. In both s tories the plot is mostly linear. In both stories you have the characters going though time as normal with few flash backs of the characters past. In Everything That Rises Must Converge Julian and his mother get on a bus to get to the YMCA, and there was only the flash back of when Julian remembers his Grandfathers house. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter it goes through Mrs.Duttas daily routine but she has flash backs of when she lived in India. With both stories having a third person point of view, you have the narrative person telling most of the characters emotions rather than showing how they react to situations Lastly we can assess the themes of both stories, and how they are affected by the voice. With the voice being close to the characters in both stories, we can see how different situations may arise. The theme of Everything That Rises Must Converge is about the act of rebelling.The voice shows how Julian makes different ideas up in his thinker for ways to rebel against his m other. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter the theme in the story is the many differences between traditional Indians and modern Indians living in America and the conflict that this cultural divide can create. The voice shows the constant emotional battle the Mrs. Dutta has with herself and her daughter-in-law. With in both of these short stories we can see how a similar voice and point of view can be used for two completely different works. The voice and point of view are made to face a cretin way to the reader.

Approaches to Management and Organizational Behaviour

205KM concern and system of rulesal demeanor Report 1 Title Approaches to Management and organizational Behaviour pizza hovel and McDonalds (Fill in the Name of Company A) (Fill in the Name of Company B) Student Name HSU Ka Syn Syrus Student ID 51878875 Tutorial Group 2 Table of Contents Page Num 1. Objectives 9 2. Business Background 9 3. Organization expression and Design3. 1 Organization Structure of Company A3. 2 Organization Structure of Company B3. 3 Comp are the Similarities and Differences of Organization Structure between Company A & B 10101214 4.Approaches to Management & Organizational Behaviour 15 4. 1 Motivation 15 4. 2 attractership 16 4. 3 Human Re offset Management 18 4. 4 Culture & transition 20 4. 5 Information Technology 22 4. 6 colloquy 22 5. Conclusion 23 6. fictitious characters 24 1. Objective The purpose of this theme is to find out the remnants in the organization structures and approaches in guidance and organizational behaviour of two local res taurants, pizza field hut Hong Kong and McDonalds Hong Kong.Besides, the report is to find out the information of the restaurants through identifying and analyzing the adjacent demand, leadership, humane resource oversight, culture and diversity, information engineering science, communication. 2. Business Background Business background of pizza shack pizza pie Hut, Inc. is an Americanrestaurantchain and worldwidefranchisethat offers different styles ofpizza along withside dishes. pizza pie Hut is a subsidiary ofYum Brands, Inc. , the worlds largest restaurant confederacy. match to the corporate website, there are more(prenominal) than 11,600 blood line locations in 94 other countries and territories around the world. About their history, the legacy of Pizza Hut began in 1958, when two college students from Wichita, Kansas, were approached by a family friend with the idea of enterprisingness a pizza parlor. Although the concept was relatively new to many an(prenominal ) Americans at that time, the two brothers quickly saw the potential of this new enterprise. After borrowing $600 from their mother, they purchased roughly second-hand equipment and rented a sm both building on a busy intersection in their hometown.The result of their entrepreneurial efforts was the first Pizza Hut restaurant and the can for what would become the largest and most successful pizza restaurant chain in the world. Hong Kong Pizza Hut provides dine-in, takeout and deli really dish up. At present, there are all over 80 stores in Hong Kong and Macau. In recent years, McDonalds has invaded the delivery fare service market, so Pizza Huts market share has also been thinned. This is Pizza Hut Hong Kong was facing the challenge. Business background of About McDonaldsMcDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest chain ofhamburgerfast food restaurants, serving in 119 countries and more than 30,000 restaurants. From a neighborhood restaurant established in Des Plaines, Illinoi s in 1955 to today, more than 30,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries worldwide, McDonalds is the largest quick service restaurant organization in the world. McDonalds recognized that to be successful, it would require to be flexible and adapt to societal changes. In 1975, McDonalds opened its first drive-thruTM window in Sierra Vista, Arizona to take on a more mobile society.The company realized there was a need for a fast, quality morning meal and in 1973, the Egg McMuffinTMwas introduced. In Hong Kong, there are over 200 McDonalds restaurants, and more than 10,000 McDonalds module. In few years, Hong Kong McDonald launched delivery service, officially invaded the delivery food service market. Although McDonald Hong Kong had a lot of jack ladder break down, moreover they established of the Ronald McDonald Ho expends, McDonald prominence has also made it a frequent topic of public debates aboutobesity, corporate ethics andconsumerresponsibility. 3 Organization Structure and Design 4. Organization Structure of Pizza Hut Figure1. Hierarchy Di heap of Pizza Hut Supervisor Asupervisor is a team leader in a position of trustin crinkle. He / She always are an assistant to Manager. They cede possession of bulge of the autobus power, such as the allocation of the daily workflow, and void order of power. Restaurant General Manager Restaurant General Manager is responsible for all problem of the restaurant. Not tho manage all employees, but also they need to manage restaurant facilitates and service quality etc. In addition, they need to set daily sales target to fulfill organization goal.Operations Manager They responsible for curb that business needs to do as few resources as possible to meet node requirements efficiently and effectively. Moreover, they need to establish operation policy to all operations department staff, included all restaurants manager. Chief executive officeholder is the highest-rankingcorporate officer(executive) oradministr atorin charge of conglomeration anxietyof anorganization. An individual appointed as a CEO of acorporation,company,organization, oragencytypically reports to theboard of directors. At present, Hong Kong Pizza Hut chief executive officer is Henry Yip.Figure2. Functional Division of Pizza Hut pay department Finance department is often simply defined as money management or the management of the fund. The major objectives of corporate finance are maximizing stockholder value. Marketing department Commercial marketingof individuals or organizations,includingcommercial enterprises,governments and institutionstopromote theirproducts or services soldto other companies ororganizations,in turn, reselltheir practice,anduse them ascomponentsin theirproducts or services, or use them tosupporttheir actions. . 2 Organization Structure of McDonald Figure3. Hierarchy Division of USA Headquarter McDonalds Figure4. Hierarchy Division of Hong Kong McDonalds flight simulator Trainer in McDonalds non the comparable in supervisor, they are same in of age(p) staff to be an assistant to support Supervisor. Team Leader Team Leader in McDonalds is the same in supervisor. Crew Crew in McDonalds response for differences work in restaurant, it included Kitchen, cleaning, cashier, customer service instance and first line quality control. Figure5. Area class Figure6.Functional Division of McDonalds Human Resources Management Department Human Resource Management isan organizationofemployeesorthe management of human resources. Thisattractive,isresponsible for staffs election, information, appraisal,rewards,andis also responsible fororganizational leadership andculture,and to ensure thatemployment andlabor law. Heldin the employeeswishes andlegally authorizedcollective bargaining agreement, human resourcesusuallyalsowill serve asthe companys principalliaisonwith staff representativesPurchasing Department Purchasing refers to the business or organization to attempt to capture good or se rvices, in order to achieve business goals. Although there are several organizations trying to set standards in the purchasing process, the difference between the processes organizations. 4. 3 Compare the Similarities and Differences of Organization Structure between Pizza Hut and McDonalds Similarities of Organization Structure between Pizza Hut and McDonalds Pizza Hut and McDonalds are the same using the Functional Division and Hierarchy Division.The relationship between the function is the position of the specialist, and other areas. In general, specialist will have the authority to adhere to the line manager, to achieve any of their instructions. In many large and global companies are always using Functional and hierarchy division to descript their company structure. In addition, these structures can make employee clear their job opportunities. Similarities of Organization Structure between Pizza Hut and McDonalds Although the two companies are well-known company in the world, B ut in Hong Kongs business size are different.Pizza Hut owned by Yum Brands, Inc, but the business in Hong Kong is operated Franchise by Jardine Matheson. Region on district administration is relatively simple, because of only china regional business. On the other hand, Hong Kong McDonalds is not operated franchise of the way. Hong Kong McDonalds business was monitored by the management of the Asia (Figure5. ). Asia McDonalds Managed by the U. S Headquarters of non-Franchise operating worldwide business. So the difference of these companies is Hong Kong McDonalds was implement area division models for global company structure. 4Approaches to Management Organizational conduct 5. 4 Motivation Motivation is the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specific behavior. Peoples behavior is determined by what motivates them. Their executing is a product of both ability level and motivation. Therefore, the two companies are using the extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation methods motivate employees. In the past, McDonalds had to hire employees with in like manner low salaries, so that McDonalds scolded by social. On the contrary, Pizza Huts hourly rate is high within the food service industry.Since Hong Kong Government has implemented a minimum wage, McDonalds has also begun to focus on the welfare of the employees. Pizza Hut was using two motivation methods extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation to motivate employees. For the extrinsic motivation, Pizza Huts crew salary gaind to HK$ 28 from HK$ 21 (After the implement of minimum wage). Moreover, Pizza Huts salaries included restaurant Tips, Tips depend on customers given to restaurant and divide by the total number of employees of the restaurant. Not just salary, but also Pizza Hut given bonus to all full time employees per year.And then, Pizza Hut established the outstanding staff mete out to motivate employee. About the present recommended by the restaurant manager, the winne r will have HK$ 300 bonus. In addition, according to Hong Kongs legal, Pizza Hut also provided Mandatory Provident broth (MPF) to employee. Lastly, Pizza Hut provided differences fringe benefits for employees, included Medical benefit, insurance discount, and 20% off staff discount. Staff discount not just included pizza hut, but also is included all related Jardine Matheson subsidiary companies, for example Maxims Caterers Limited and Wellcome.For the intrinsic motivation, Pizza Hut will be timing murder of the job rotation method to learn staff. Employees not just learn their basic work, but also they have the opportunities to learn cashier or kitchen. Finally, staff can study the distribution of work management to support supervisor. Give rise to sense of challenge, receiving appreciation and positive recognition. Moreover, the employee begin to work, supervisor will report the companys new information to staff, and the daily sales targets.In addition supervisor will be highly praised the staff for good performance at the briefing. McDonalds was the same using two motivation methods extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation to motivate employees. For the extrinsic motivation, McDonaldss crew salary increased to HK$ 28 from HK$ 19 (After the implement of minimum wage). Moreover, the salaries included Profit sharing and restaurant cash incentive, like pizza hut tips bonus. And then, McDonalds established the outstanding staff award to motivate employee too. In addition, according to Hong Kongs legal, McDonalds provided MPF to employee.Lastly, McDonalds provided differences fringe benefits for employees, included Group Term Life, Group Medical Insurance, Group Dental Plan, Education Sponsorship Program, and Professional Management Training both locally. About fringe benefits, McDonalds better than Pizza Hut. For the intrinsic motivation, McDonalds was the same in pizza hut intrinsic. In Fact, all of the food service industry company is using these metho ds to rise to sense of challenge, receiving appreciation and positive recognition etc. 5. 5 leaders Hierarchy Division of Pizza HutHierarchy Division of McDonalds 5. 6 Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets the passel working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objective of the business. The Human Resources Management Process For the McDonalds in people philosophy, they have a specific people vision To be the best employer in apiece community around the World. Being the best means opportunities, breeding and development satisfaction, rewards and recognition.Moreover, McDonalds make a promise to their employee. To all their present and future employees, McDonaldsd like you to know that there are committed. We value you, your outgrowth and your contributions. On the other hand, McDonalds have in hind end 5 people principles to ref lect McDonalds values and commitment to their people. It includes (1) Respect and recognition (2) Values and Leadership behaviors (3) competitive pay and benefits (4) Learning, development and personal growth (5) Resources to get the job done. About the human resources management, McDonalds focus on every employee more than Pizza Hut.Recruitment Pizza Hut and McDonalds are using these methods to attracting applicants. Internet-based Advertisement / Print-ad in Magazines or newspaper / Employee Referrals / Applicant Initiated / Job Fairs / Employment Agencies Selection The process of screening job applicants to ensure that the most appropriate candidates are hired Pizza Hut and McDonalds are use differences types of selection Devices. Pizza Hut Application form - interview (restaurant manager) - Reference checks McDonalds Application form nd Questionnaire - interview (restaurant manager) - Reference checks Orientation New employee orientation effectively integrates the new employee i nto your organization and assists with retention, motivation, job satisfaction, and quickly enabling each individual to become contributing members of the work team. Pizza Hut and McDonalds Introduction (Rules, Policy, Organizational Structure and Company information) and a tour of the workplace Training A basic operation in the work of the manager is to develop people and to direct, encourage and train employee.Those companies are using these methods to improve the availability, quality and skills of staff. Pizza Hut and McDonalds are using e-Leaning of job description, establish Lesson for differences hierarchy level, such as crew need to study customer service standard, how to handling complain senior need to study how to contribute work to another colleague Manager need to study manage in restaurant etc. Performance management Approach to developing the capabilities of employees Pizza Hut and McDonalds in addition will be kept by the supervisor to practice subprogram play train ing to subordinate.Moreover, the two companies will also hire external Mystery consumer companies to measure restaurant can achieve the setting of customer service standards, developed training plan or to enhance the training program based on test scores. Another will be conducted annually upward appraisal, Managers are appraised by their staff. 5. 7 Culture & Diversity Organizational Culture between Pizza Hut and McDonalds Organizational cultureis the collective behaviour of people that are part of an organization, it is also formed by the organization values, visions, norms, working language, systems, and symbols, it includes beliefs and abits.Strong culture can create a stronger employee commitment to the organization. As the result, every organization must have their differences organizational culture. For the Pizza Hut, the mission statement is With Customer Mania corporate culture, we ensure every dining occasion is a delightful have sex. We promise and the vision are to be t he Leading Casual Dining Restaurant in Hong Kong and Macau bringing our customers enjoyable yet affordable European cuisine by capitalizing on our brand equity and to be the No. 1 Pizza Delivery Provider offering world class pizza delicacies always hot and on time.Slogan of Pizza Hut With Customer Mania corporate culture, we ensure every dining occasion is a delightful experience. In order to fulfill its mission, Pizza Hut has develop some unique, policies, principles, rules, processes and procedures, the sum total of which from the Pizza Hut culture (1) Open door Policy Managers doors are open to employees at all levels, because the manager dose not just do all about manage restaurant. During the peak hours, manager will work with general staff together. Therefore, manager can easier to listen to the voice from the employee. 2) Role culture Bureaucratic control roles and job description is most essential than the individual and position is the main source of power, control by pr ocedures and rules, coordinated by a few senior managers.On the Pizza Hut, everything always have their standard for staff to fulfill, such as food quality standard, dress and grooming standard etc. If their staff cannot meet the standard, they will blame by the manager. (3) Ethical Culture Pizza Hut has a very powerful and positive influence on employee behavior, focus on means as well as outcomes. 4) Customer Responsive Culture Since Pizza Hut is very focus on increase customer satisfaction. They hiring the type of employees, for example ones with a more interest are helpful and friendly spirit to serving customer. Having great listen skills to have ability to listen to and understand messages sent by the customer. Providing role clarity to employees to reduce ambiguity and conflict and increase job satisfaction. Having conscientious, caring employees willing to take initiative even outside their normal job duties For the McDonalds, the mission and values statement is to be our c ustomers favorite place and way to eat.Our worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win, which center on an exceptional customer experience People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. We are committed to continuously improving our operations and enhancing our customers experience. In order to fulfill its mission, Pizza Hut has develop some unique, policies, principles, rules, processes and procedures, the sum total of which from the McDonalds culture (1) Customer Responsive Culture McDonalds same with Pizza Hut, they are focus on increase customer satisfaction.They hiring the type of employees, for example ones with a more interest are helpful and friendly personality to serving customer. Having great listen skills to have ability to listen to and understand messages sent by the customer. Providing role clarity to employees to reduce ambiguity and conflict and increase job satisfaction. Having conscientious, caring employees willing to take ini tiative even outside their normal job duties (2) body of work spirituality Recognize that their employees have an inner life, moisturize and nourish meaningful work, a place within the community.Since McDonalds focus on charity work, such as established Donald McDonald house Charities to offering a supportive environment, parents are able to care for their sick children during an incredibly stressful time. In addition, McDonalds often motivate employee to recruit more about charity work. (3) People Orientation Degree to which management decisions take into account the effects on people in the organization. Organizational Diversity between Pizza Hut and McDonalds Managing diversity accepts that the workforce consists of a diverse population of people.The diversity consists of visible and non-visible differences which will include sex, age, background, race, disability personality and work style. It is founded on the premise that harnessing these differences will create a productive environment in which everybody feels valued, where their talents are being fully utilized, and in which organizational goals are met. According to the Hong Kong legals on eliminating age discrimination in employment, employers have the prime responsibility for encouraging equal employment opportunities and for eliminating discrimination in the workplace, so Pizza Hut and McDonalds are also comply with the law.Employees are Pizza Hut and McDonalds greatest asset. But two companies have their own organizational diversity. For the pizza hut, there are more than 4,000 people, since pizza hut focus on customer satisfaction and customer service quality than McDonalds, so that Pizza Hut dose not employs any persons with intellectual disabilities in secretly. Contrary, McDonalds hire people not because of the people physical abilities and quality. For example, McDonalds staff Wong Man Yu awarded Outstanding modify Employees Awards by the Labour Department in 2006.It reflect McDonalds supp ort their employees have any physical problem. 5. 8 Information Technology Information Technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company would be responsible for storing information, protecting information, processing the information, transmitting the information as necessary, and later retrieving information as necessary.Nowadays, many organizations are using information technology to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. Since information technology can increase business performance, better decision do based on information and greater accessibility to coworkers. So that, Pizza Hut and McDonalds are use many information technology to support their business (1) Information Systems accounting information system to record or calculate all about sales, salaries etc inventory sys tem to monitor store inventory and though internet to purchase daily restaurants needs.Point of sales systems. Office automation systems, transaction processing systems, distribution systems, etc. (2) Electronic Commerce System this part is very important in business, theyre use to selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services using internet. For the payment, Pizza Hut using credit card reader and indorse Pay wave McDonalds using octopus and Visa pay wave. (3) Networked Computer system Linking individual computers to create an organizational network for communication and information sharing.They are using e- office, instant messaging, Voice-mail to dealing with online delivery business, Fax machines to receive order confirm from food supplier. Electronic Data Exchange (EDI). Teleconferencing. Videoconferencing. 5. 9 talk Communication between managers and employees provides the information necessary to get work done effectively and efficiently in organization s. Communication major functions are Control, Motivation, Emotional Expression and Information. Communication is very important part of business. Pizza Hut and McDonalds use interpersonal methods.For example Face-to-face, Telephone, Group meetings, Formal presentation, Memos, Traditional Mail, Fax machines, Audio-and videotapes, Daily briefing, Hotline, netmail, Voice mail and Teleconference to communicate with employee. Face to face, telephone and Memos are basic tools to connect employee and management. But about the organization contact restaurant, they are use daily briefing, E-mail to update information about organization. 5 Conclusion Through identifying and analyzing the following motivation, leadership, human resource management, culture and diversity, information technology, communication. I found thatFor the organization structure, the difference of these companies is Hong Kong McDonalds was implemented area division models for global company structure. On the other hand, Pizza Hut just implemented hierarchy and functional Division. For the approaches to management & Organizational behaviour, about the motivation, McDonalds hourly salaries have been low for long. Yet, ever since Hong Kong Government has implemented the minimum wage, the corporate has no choice but to increase salaries of the workers. On the contrary, the average hourly wages of Pizza Hut workers are relatively higher than McDonalds.About the Leadership, Human Resources Management, Information technology and communication, Since Pizza Hut and McDonalds are the same industry in food service restaurant, which means their organizational behaviour always the same. But about the diversity, McDonalds is better than Pizza Hut, it is because McDonalds hire people not because of the people physical abilities and quality. If Pizza Hut and McDonalds can solve above problem, they can improve their business more.

Odyssey and Brother Essay

Specific eithery, three parallels pop in the discussion of the confusableities between Homeris classic epic and iO Brother Where contrivance cubic yard? The Cyclops encounter for instance, is transcendent between both works. Furthermore, each story contains a comparable perspective of the Lotus Eaters. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where artistic creation megabyte? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch goddess Circe. The Cyclops encounter is transcendent between both works. The Cyclops, in the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i has obvious natural traits that connect the two pieces of work. The Cyclops in each story is a large man, who only has one eye.One website describe the Cyclopes race as, ia unprocessed and uncivilized race of one-eyed giants. i(Spark notes p1) Odysseus describe the giant as, i A prodigious man who slept in his cave alone, and took his flocks to graze afieldremote from all compa nions, knowing none but savage ways, a brute so huge. i(Wilkie p378) The encounter of the Cyclops shows a great similarity in both of these stories. Odysseus, the important character of the iOdysseyi and Ulysses, the main character of iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i are taken from of state of tranquility and savagely attacked.As described by Odysseus, iSo at that place all day, until the sun went down, we made our feast on meat galore, and wine. i(p 377) This quote describes Odysseus and his men relaxing and enjoying a feast. Quite similar in iO Brother Where Art Thou,i Ulysses was enjoying a picnic when the savage Cyclops attacked him. When Ulysses and Odysseus were about to enjoy a peaceful day they are overtaken by the Cyclops either imprisoned or robbed. two Ulysses and Odysseus mentality of a warrior allows them to fight back and eventually defeat the Cyclops.In each story an attempt to blind the creature offers a amazement for each character to escape from the Cyclops. Secon dly, each story contains a similar perspective of the Lotus Easters. When you eat the intoxicating fruit of the lotus, as described in the Odyssey, the thought of home, purpose of voyage, and memories of the past are no overnight important. Odysseus and his men arrive at the land of the Lotus-Eaters and become addicted and drawn to the fruit. They are so leered to the fruit, that it becomes a mindless obsession. iO Brother, Where Art Thou? becomes parallel to the story of the Lotus-Eaters when Ulysses and his men are baptized. Websteris dictionary defines baptism as, ithe Christian sacrament of sin and spiritual rebirth as a Christian. i Both the iOdysseyi and iO Brother Where Art Thou? i describe a rebirth and tonic thinking. The things of the past are no longer important. Rebirth of the soul and becoming filled with the spirit are identical to the intoxication of the fruit. Therefore, the producers of iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i are describing baptisms as a new beginning and n ew thought, then comparing it to the lotus eaters of the iOdyssey. iFinally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch-goddess Circe. This parallel is the strongest component of comparison because it is very similar how each story describes the Sirens. Odysseus is told in the iOdyssey,i iSquare in your shipis path are the Sirens, crying beauty to bewitch men coasting by. i (p 421) Both Ulysses and Odysseus use wax to avoid the Sirens. Ulysses hair smelling of wax, (hair wax) and Odysseus instructing his men to put wax in their ears is enough to avoid the Sirens seductive song in each story.Avoiding the Sirens allows both Ulysses and Odysseus to continue on their purpose of journey, to get home. Another striking similarity is the witch goddess of Circe. In the iOdyssey,i Circe turns one of Odysseus men into a pig. Parallel to the Homeric epic, one of Ulysses men was supposedly turned into a frog. These two strong parallels sum up an obvious influence of Homeric work in iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i The movie iO Brother Where Art Thou? i is strikingly similar to Homeris iOdyssey,i in both plot and character description.Specifically, three parallels surface in the discussion of the similarities between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i The Cyclops encounter for instance, is transcendent between both works. Furthermore, each story contains a similar perspective of the Lotus Eaters. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch-goddess Circe. Thus, we find the modern film depiction of the trouble of a man during the depression is being shaped by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homeris iOdyssey. i

Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four

Avery was a spirit user.Oh s dispatch.I sat nates floor on the bed, my mind reeling. Id n constantly stick discovern it coming. Hell, no whiz had. Avery had made a good show of being an post user. Each Moroi had a very low level of control in each element. Shed just scarcely done enough with air to make it seem like that was her specialization. No one had questioned her further because honestly, who would accept ever expected another spirit user around? And since she was surface of school, she had no reason to be tested any more or forced to demonstrate her ability. No one was there to call her on it.The more I thought roughly it, the more the little signs were there. The charming personality, the way she could talk stack into anything. How many of her interactions were spirit controlled? And was it possible was it possible that Adrians attraction had been want on her part? I had no reason to feel happy about that, just well, I did.More to the point, what did Avery want with Lissa? Avery compelling Adrian into desire her wasnt too out there. He was good-looking and came from an important family. He was the queens great-nephew, and although family members of the current monarch could never acquire the throne immediately afterward, hed have a good future, one that would ever so hold off him in the highest circles of society. however Lissa? What was Averys game there? What did she have to gain? Lissas behavior all made sense now-the uncharacteristic partying, unearthly moods, jealousy, fights with Christian Avery was pushing Lissa all over the edge, causing her to make horrible choices. Avery was using some sort of compulsion to spin Lissa out of control, alienating her and putting her life in danger. Why? What did Avery want?It didnt matter. The why wasnt important. The how was, as in how I was way out to get out of here and spinal column to my best friend.I looked d sustain at myself, at the delicate silk dress I wore. Suddenly, I hated it. It was a sign of how Id been, bleached and useless. I hastily took it off and ransacked my clo grade. Theyd taken away my jeans and T-shirt, but Id at least been allowed to keep my hoodie. I put on the green sweater dress, seeing as it was the sturdiest thing I had, skin senses moderately more capable. I slipped the hoodie on over it. It embarrassingly made me feel like a badass warrior, but I did feel more competent. Sufficiently dressed for action, I returned to the living room and started that walk that tended to help me mobilise better-not that I had any reason to believe I was going to acquire up with new ideas. Id been trying to for days and days with no luck. Nothing was going to change.Damn it I yelled, imprint better with the outburst. Angry, I flounced into the desk chair, amazed that I hadnt simply thrown it against the wall in my frustration.The chair wobbled, ever so slightly.Frowning, I stood up and looked at it. Everything else in this place was state-of-the-ar t. Odd that Id have a incorrect chair. I knelt down and examined it more closely. There, on one of the stagecoachs, was a crack near where the leg united with the seat. I stared. All of the furniture here was industrial strength, with no obvious fall ints. I should make love, seeing how persistent Id beat this chair against the wall when I runner arrived. I hadnt even dented it.Where had this crack come from? Slamming it over and over had done nothing.But I hadnt been the completely one to hit it.That very first day, Id fought with Dimitri and come after him with the chair. Hed taken it from me and thrown it against the wall. Id never paid attention to it again, having given up on breaking it. When Id later tried cracking the window, Id used an end table because it was heavier. My strength hadnt been able to pervert the chair-but his had.I picked up the chair and immediately slammed it into that diamond-hard window, half-hoping I might kill two birds with one stone. Nope. s ome(prenominal) remained intact. So I did it again. And again. I lost track of how many times I slammed that chair into the glass. My mickle hurt, and I knew despite my recovery, I still wasnt at full strength. It was infuriating.Finally, on what felt like my gazillionth try, I looked at the chair and saw the crack had grown bigger. The progress renewed my go out and strength. I hit and hit, ignoring the pain as the wood bit into my hands. At long last, I comprehend a crack, and the leg broke off. I picked it up and stared in amazement. The break hadnt been clean. It was splintered and neat. Sharp enough to be a pastime? I wasnt sure. But I knew for a fact that wood was hard, and if I used enough force, I might be able to hit a Strigois heart. It wouldnt kill one, but the blow would stun. I didnt get laid if itd be enough to get me out of here, but it was all I had now. And it was a hell of a lot more than Id had one hour ago.I sat back on the bed, recovering from my booking with the chair and tossing the makeshift transfix back and forth. Okay. I had a weapon now. But what could I do with it? Dimitris face flashed in my minds eye. Damn it. There was no question about it. He was the obvious target, the one Id have to deal with first.The introduction suddenly clicked feed, and I looked up with alarm. Quickly, I shoved the chair into a gloomy corner as panic raced through me. No, no. I wasnt ready. I hadnt fully convinced myself to station him. It was Inna. She carried a tray but didnt wear her usual subservient expression. The brief look she gave me was filled with hate. I didnt know what she had to be pissed off about. It wasnt like Id caused her any damage.Yet.I strode over like I was going to examine the tray. Lifting the lid, I saw a ham sandwich and french fries. It looked good-I hadnt eaten in a darn -but the adrenaline running through me had shoved any appetite I might have to the background. I glanced back up at her, smiling sweetly. She sh ot me daggers.Dont hesitate, Dimitri had always said.I didnt.I jumped at Inna, throwing her so hard against the floor that her head slammed back. She looked dazed, but quickly recovered and tried to fight back. I wasnt drugged up this time-well, not much-and my years of training and natural strength finally showed themselves again. I pressed my body against her, protectorship her firmly in place. Then, I produced the stake Id had concealed and pressed those sharp points against her neck.It was like being back in the days of pinning Strigoi in alleys. She couldnt see that my weapon was a chair leg, but the sharp points got her attention as I dug them into her throat.The code, I said. What is the code?Her only response was a guide of obscenities in Russian. Okay, not a surprise, considering she probably didnt understand me. I flipped through the meager Russian-English dictionary in my head. Id been in the country long enough to pick up some vocabulary. Admittedly, it was equivalent to a two-year-olds, but even they could communicate.Numbers, I said in Russian. Door. At least, thats what I hoped I said.She said more bad-mannered things to me, her expression defiant. It really was the Strigoi interrogation all over. My stake bit harder, drawing blood, and I forcibly quiet myself. I might question whether I had the strength to pierce a Strigoi heart with this, but severance a humans vein? Cake. She faltered a little, apparently realizing the same thing.Again, I attempted my broken Russian. Kill you. No Nathan. Never What was the word? The church service came back to me, and I hoped I had it right. Never aeonian life.It got her attention. Nathan and eternal life. The things most important to her. She bit her lip, still angry, but her tirade had stopped.Numbers. Door, I repeated. I pushed the stake in harder, and she cried out in pain.At last she spoke, rattling off a series of digits. Russian verse were something I had memorized pretty solidly, at least. The y were essential for addresses and phone numbers. She cited seven numbers.Again, I said. I made her cite it three times and hoped I had it. But there was more. I was pretty sure the outer door had a different code. Numbers. Door. Two. I felt like a caveman.Inna stared, not quite getting it.Door. Two. understand glinted in her eyes, and she looked mad. I think shed hoped I wouldnt realize the other door had its own code. More discriminating with the stake made her scream seven more numbers. Again, I made her repeat them, realizing I had no way to know if she was telling me the truth at least until I tried the numbers. For that reason, I refractory to keep her around.I felt guilty about what I did next, but these were desperate times. In guardian training, Id been taught both to kill and to incapacitate. I did the latter this time, slamming her head back against the floor and rendering her unconscious. Her expression went slack, her eyelids drooping. Damn. I was reduced to hurting teenage humans.Standing up, I moved to the door and punched in the first set of numbers, hoping I had them right. To my complete and utter astonishment, I did.The electronic lock clicked, but before I could open the door, I just barely made out another click. Someone had unlocked the outer door.Shit, I muttered.I pulled away from the door immediately, picked up Innas unconscious body, and hurried to the bathroom. I set her in the ad valorem tax as gently as possible and had just shut the bathroom door when I heard the main door open. I felt the telltale nausea that signaled a Strigoi was nearby. I knew one of the Strigoi could note a human, and I hoped shutting her away would be enough to mute Innas scent. I emerged from the hall and prepare Dimitri in the living room. I grinned at him and ran into his arms.Youre back, I said happily.He held me briefly and then stepped back. Yes. He seemed slightly pleased at the greeting, but soon his face was all business. Have you made your c losing?No hello. No how are you feeling? My heart sank. This wasnt Dimitri.I have more questions.I went over to the bed and lay down in a casual way, just like we always did. He followed a few moments later and sat on the edge, looking down at me.How long will it take? I asked. When you awaken me? Is it instantaneous?Once more, I launched into an interrogation session. Honestly, I was running out of questions, and at this point, I didnt really want to know the intricacies of becoming Strigoi. I was becoming more and more agitated with each passing moment. I had to act. I had to make use of my fleeting opportunity here.And except before I could act, I had to reassure myself that this really wasnt Dimitri. It was stupid. I should know by now. I could see the physical changes. Id seen his coldness, the brutality. Id seen him come fresh from a kill. This wasnt the man Id loved. And yet for that one fleeting moment priorWith a sigh, Dimitri stretched out beside me. Rose, he interrupted , if I didnt know better, Id say you were stalling for time. Yeah, even as a Strigoi, Dimitri knew how I thought and schemed. I realized if I was going to be convincing, I had to stop vie dumb and remember to be Rose Hathaway.I put on a look of outrage. Of wrinkle I am This is a big deal. I came here to kill you, and now youre asking me to join you. You think this is easy for me to do?Do you think its been easy for me to wait this long? he asked. The only ones who get choices are Moroi who willingly kill, like the Ozeras. No one else gets a choice. I didnt get a choice.And dont you regret that?No, not now. Now that Im who I was meant to be. He frowned. The only thing hurt is my pride-that Nathan forced me and that he acts as though Im indebted to him. Which is why Im being kind enough to give you the choice now, for the involvement of your pride.Kind, huh? I looked at him and felt my heart breaking all over again. It was like hearing the password of his death once more. I suddenl y grew afraid I might cry. No. No tears. Dimitri always talked about prey and predators. I had to be the predator.Youre sweating, he said suddenly. Why?Damn, damn, damn. Of course I was sweating. I was contemplating staking the man I loved-or thought Id loved. And along with sweat, I was sure I was giving off pheromones of my agitation. Strigoi could tint all of those things, too.Because Im scared, I whispered. I propped myself up and stroked the edge of his face, trying to memorize all of his features. The eyes. The hair.The shape of his cheekbones. In my imagination, I overlaid the things I remembered. Dark eyes. Tanned skin. Sweet smile. I I think Im ready, but its I dont know. Its such a big thing.Itll be the best decision of your life, Roza.My breathing was growing rapid, and I prayed hed think it was because of my fear of being turned. Tell me again. One more time. Why do you want to awaken me so badly?A slightly weary look crossed his face. Because I want you. Ive always tr easured you.And thats when I knew. I finally realized the problem. Hed given that same answer over and over, and each time, something about it had bothered me. Id never been able to pinpoint it, though. Now I could. He wanted me. Wanted me in the way people wanted possessions or collectibles. The Dimitri Id known the one Id fallen for and slept with that Dimitri would have said he wanted us to be together because he loved me.There was no love here.I smiled at him. Leaning down, I kissed him gently. He probably thought I was doing it for the reasons I always did, out of attraction and desire. In truth, it was a goodbye kiss. His mouth answered mine, his lips warm and eager. I held out the kiss a little longer, both to fight back the tears leaking out of my eyes and to lull him into an unsuspecting state. My hand closed around the chair leg, which Id hidden in my hoodie pocket.I would never forget Dimitri, not for the equilibrium of my life. And this time, I wouldnt forget his lesson s.With a speed he wasnt ready for, I struck out and plunged the stake through his chest. My strength was there-sliding the stake past the ribs and straight into his heart.And as I did it, it was like piercing my own heart at the same time.

Labour Party to socialism Essay

Explain the ideas and policies which link the innovational Labour Party to socialism. (10 marks) Socialism is the economic system based on cooperation rather than competitor of businesses which utilizes centralized planning and redistribution of wealthiness. Industry is state owned and therefore companies have government monopolies on them which results in no competition. Industries are redistributed though the state to achieve a fairer society. Traditional Labour value were indeed a form of socialism as some of their core values include a large wel furtheste state, mild redistribution of wealth through taxes and social mobility. Socialism was founded in 1789 if the modern solar day Labour party had the same ideologies as those of the original socialist politicians then it would be considered a far right party in todays political spectrum.Since its origins, the principles of socialism have evolved into many contrary forms of itself to make it compatible with society. There are m any links to many differing forms of socialism both tralatitious and modern in todays Labour party. Democratic socialists i.e. Labour believe in par of opportunity this means that every unmatchable has the same opportunities to maximise their potential and accomplish high positions in life no matter what their background or ethnicity, for example a labourers child can constitute a lawyer or politician if he/she desires and they will not be discriminated against. This is still one of Labours core values, therefore linking to traditional socialism.Another concept of democratic socialism is the redistribution of wealth an example of New Labour doing that is increasing the amount in social housing estates, or the admittance of the windfall tax which raised ?5billion to set up the New Deal which helps the long term indolent back to work through training and employment, thus giving opportunities to those who previously didnt have the skills to return their own wealth. Traditional so cialism wants radical constitutional reform e.g. democratise institutions such as the habitation of Lords. New Labour does want constitutional reform such as the de-centralisation of power and mild theater of Lords reform e.g. it is elected not inherited. So therefore shows that Labour does still have socialist values.

Culture diversity Essay

to a greater extent and more today, quite a little come into regular contact with individuals from different stopping points and its important to learn to talk with people who may not share a common language, background, and/or worldview. Each of us participates in at least one culture, and most of us are products of several cultures Being aware of our own culture and background is really important as it helps us understand how we are shaped by what we pick out experienced.Even within cultures, we all have different attitudes and beliefs based on our experiences and this will impact on the way we relate to people both professionally and in our personal life. Learning to nurse diversity, to bewilder conscious of our ways of relating to each other and their ways of relating to us, does not come easily to most of us nor is it something that can be imposed from the outside.In Valuing Relationship (1995), Lewis Brown Griggs sums the inter family relationship of knowing ourselves and building relationship with others as follows Knowing myself is what allows me to know, understand, and value the diversity of others so that I can build trust with them. With more trust comes the ability to communicate more clearly, to problem solve and network more effectively, and to realize the value of synergistic relationships and productive interdependency. Together, investing in my relationship with myself and enhancing my relationship with others are important insurance policies against befogged opportunities. (page 210)Griggs, L. B. (1995). Valuing Relationship The Heart of Valuing Diversity. In L. B. Griggs & L. L. Louw (Eds.), Valuing Diversity New Tools for a New Reality. McGraw Hill, Inc New York.

Importance of hunting Essay

Like baseball and apple pie, describe club is an American custom sh ard by unexampled and old, rich and poor, regardless of social or economic status. Three out of every ten the great unwashed are against search but for what thinks? What assumes them stand out from the s steady out of ten that are for hunting? My preference supports hunting for many reasons. Hunting is eventful because without it at that place would be animals struggling to survive because of the deficit of the nutrient food they destiny on a daily basis to stay healthy. It would also sew down the publication of damage d integrity to vehicles by animals.It also gets much kids open and involved in factory farm activities which is needed now days. Believe it or non hunting is also a salient part of our preservation bringing in hundreds of billions of dollars each form. The first and foremost reason its important is because it reduces the number of ample animals struggling to survive and causing car w recks. Many states including Nebraska absorb open special seasons for the notoriously cognise trophy whitetail deer. Whitetail deer are in abundant numbers all over the United Sates, some people see them as pets, but even much people see them as pests.They destroy crops and cause car wrecks. The average claim later a deer collision is 3,100 dollars. Every 1 in 85 people have known or heard of somevirtuoso dying because of a collision with a deer. The number of these animals is stable because of one thing and that is hunting Without hunters hunting these animals they would be unhealthy, and over populating the suburbs of the southern parts of the United States and the country situation of the Midwest. They would also be causing severe or fatal car wrecks. Deer arent the save abundant animal there are many others including wild Turkey, Elk, and Bear.These animals are all struggling because of the leash out of ten people that are against hunting, if just one of those three peop le would change there mind and see that the animals and humans both are struggling even more without hunting it would make a major difference. The second reason is that it gets more kids involved in the outdoors and other agriculture activities. Every year obesity becomes more of a problem for one reason video games. If more kids were exposed to hunting or to the outdoors alone that could make them see that theres a much better life outdoors then inside sitting down in front of there TV eating a bag potato chips.If more kids got involved in hunting it would also help the reducing of the abundant animals. This would mean less suffering and car wrecks. Many states are lowering the prices of there youth permits in anticipate that it result get more youth hunters in the field. All states have a mentor hunting program that takes kids hunting whose parents do not hunt or are not eligible to hunt. The National survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife recreation, states that the number o f youth hunters has tripled since 2006. It also states that the number of car wrecks dealing with deer has decreased 15 percent since 2006.Nearly 80 percent of vainglorious hunters started hunting as youths. They predict that only 15 percent of youth in the year 2020 will hunt. Hunting leads into other agriculture activities. More kids are also becoming irresponsible do to one thing the lack of chores. Every eight in ten kids will tell you they do not have chores. Those two kids that say they do have chores are usually farm kids or have parents who grew up on a farm or engaged in agriculture activities. The third reason is vitally important to are economy and for the future. Many people say that hunting deals nothing with the economy of the world and there wrong.12. 5 million People 16 years of age and older enrapture hunting a variety of animals within the United States. They hunt about 220 days a year and take about 185 trips. Hunting expenditures totaled about $22. 9 billion do llars. Hunting also generates more then $67 billion dollars in economic output and more than one million jobs in the United States. Hunting also generates $25 billion dollars in retail sales, $17 billion dollars in salaries and wages, and employs 575,000 Americans. If hunting was outlawed think of all the people who would be with out a jobThey would make out JUST like the abundant animals. Like Baseball and apple pie hunting is an important American tradition that should never change because without it there would be animals struggling to survive because of the shortage of the nutrient food they need on a daily basis to stay healthy. Car wrecks related to animals would increase. And it also gets more kids outdoors and involved in agriculture activities which is needed now days. It also boosts the economy, bringing billions of dollars each year. I hope you are on the same page as me now and see that hunting isnt wrong.

Carlill V. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Essay

FactsThe Defendants were a medical federation named Carbolic reek Ball. Who manufactured and sold a product called the smoke ball, a cure for influenza and a number of other diseases. The company published advertizings in the Pall Mall Gazette and other newspapers on November 13, 1891, claiming that it would pay 100 to anyone who got gag with influenza by and by using its product three times a day for two weeks, jibe to the instructions provided with it. The advertisement also claimed that 1000 was being deposited into the bank to demonstrate their sincerity. The plaintiff, Mrs Louisa Elizabeth bought one of these balls after beholding the advertisement. She used it three times daily for nearly two months until she contracted the flu on 17 January 1892. She sued the company to recover the money promised in the advertisement. Procedural historyAppeal from decision of Hawkins J. wherein he held that the plaintiff, Ms. Carlill was authorise to recover 100. IssueDoes an advertisem ent to the general public promising to pay money to anyone who does something create a binding contract between the parties?ArgumentsThe Defendant argued that there was no contract between it and that there was no acceptance of its crack cocaine. So the contract was too obscure to be enforced, there was no way to embarrass the conditions were met, you cannot contract with everybody and the timeframe was not specified. Also the acceptance had not been communicated to the offerer. And the last argument was that there was no devotion nudum pactum. The plaintiffs argument was that she just followed the constructions. The advertisement was also an offer were under an obligation to perform because it was published so it would be read and abided. The promise was also not vague .JudgmentThe woo rejected both arguments of the company, ruling that the advertisement was an offer of a unilateral contract between the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company and anyone who satisfies the conditions set out in theadvertisement. According to the judgment of lord justice Lindley, the individual who makes the offer shows by his language and from the of the transaction that he does not expect and does not require find out of the acceptance apart from chance of the doing.The advertisement was an express promise to pay 100 pounds to anyone who contracts flu after using the ball three times daily for two weeks. Also the ad was not a mere puff 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, showing our sincerity in the matter , which is a make of sincerity to pay. The promise is binding even though not made particular, a unilateral offer. The advertisement is not so vague that it cannot be heard as a promise because the words can be tenabilityably construed . Notification of acceptanceThe notification of the acceptance withdraw not precede the performance- this offer is a continuing offer. If notice of acceptance is required, the person who makes offer gets the notice of acceptance con temporaneously with the notice of the performance of the condition. Also when there is an offer to the world at large, acceptance is legally valid when the offeree communicates to the offeror notice of performance of the specified conditions. This means acceptance is not legally valid when notification of the performance of the specified conditions does not occur.ConsiderationThere was esteem in this case for two reasons first reason is that the carbolic received a benefit. In the sales directly beneficial to them by advertising the Carbolic smoke ball. The morsel reason is that the performance of the specified conditions constitutes consideration for the promise. The judgment of Lord referee Bowen How would an ordinary person construe this document? Was it intended that the 100 should, if the conditions were fulfilled, be paid? The advertisement says that 1000 is lodged at the bank for this purpose. therefrom the statement was not a mere puff, I think it was intended to be unde rstood by the public as an offer which was to be acted upon. According to the judgment of Bowen LJ, the contract was not too vague to be enforced. Whereby an offer can be made to the whole world and will ripen into a contract with anybody who comes forward and performs the condition. Notification of acceptanceThere is no need for notification of acceptance of the offer ( Bowen LJ differs from Lindley LJ on this point). Because an inference should be drawn from the transaction itself that if he performs the condition there is no need for notification.ConsiderationLord Justice Bowel founds that there was consideration for the problem for same reasons as Lindley LJ. The consideration was using the smoke ball and the reason of using the smoke balls would promote their sale. And finally Lord Justice AL Smith decides on same basis as Bowen LJ.Ratio decidendiIn unilateral contracts, discourse of acceptance is not expected or necessary. Advertisements of unilateral contracts are treated as offers. Where the language is gain that an ordinary person would construe an intention to offer, anyone who relies on this offer and performs the required conditions thereby accepts the offer and forms an enforceable contract.HeldThe contract was binding and the defendant was ordered to pay the 100 to the plaintiff. Appeal Dismissed.